Chapter 24 Urinary System

Basement membrane

________ is a porous middle layer that contains glycoprotein and proteoglycan molecules which restricts passage of large plasma proteins.

Renal Calculi

________ is also known as kidney stones which are formed from crystalline minerals building up in the kidneys.

Glucosuria

________ is the excretion of glucose in urine where plasma glucose levels are above 300mg /dL.

Urinary Tract System

________ includes positions in body, sections of the kidney, and nephrons ins the kidney.

metabolic waste

The kidney functions to eliminate ________, regulate ion levels, regulate pH levels, regulate blood pressure, climate biological molecule elimination, forms calcitriol, produces and releases erythropoietin, and Gluconeogenesis.

NFP

Increase in ________ increases GFR, solutes, h2o, substance in urine, and decreases.

Myogenic response

________ is the contraction of smooth muscle of afferent arteriole wall with decrease blood pressure and less stretch of smooth muscle in arteriole that causes smooth muscle cells to relax and vessels to dilate which allows more blood into glomerulus.

Filtration slits

________ are separated by thin spaces.

Filtrate

________ is formed as it flow through the glomerulus.

Pedicles

________ are long processes.

Endothelium of juxtaglomerular apparatus

________ is fenestrated which allows plasma and dissolved substances to be filtered however it restricts passage of large structure (for example erythrocytes)

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

________ regulates blood filtrate and systemic B.P.

Podocytes

________ are specialized cells.

Granular cells

________ function to synthesize, store, release renin, and contract when stretched.

Intrinsic controls

________: intrinsic ability of kidney to maintain constant blood pressure and GFR.

Visceral layer

________ is the outermost layer that has podocyte, pedicels, and filtration slits that restricts passage of most small proteins.

Regulation of GFR

________ is tightly regulated and helps kidney control urine production based on physiologic conditions also known as hydration status.

Tubular secretion

________ is the movement of solutes out of blood within peritubular and vases recta capillaries into tubular fluid by active transport where after those materials are moved selectively into tubules and are excreted.

Glomerular filtration rate

________ (GFR) is the rate at which filtrate volume (per unit of time) is formed.

Kidney stones

________ are a result of inadequate fluid intake, reduced urinary flow, frequent urinary tract infections, abnormal chemical or minerals levels in urine.

Glucose acts

________ as an osmotic diuretic that pulls water into tubular fluid and causes loss of fluid in urine which is a classic symptom of diabetes along with frequent urination and thirst.

kidney

Each ________ is innervated by both divisions of autonomic nervous system.