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Narrow Spectrum
refers to antibiotics that are effective against specific types of bacteria, minimizing impact on beneficial flora.
Broad Spectrum
Interferes with several different micro-organisms
Bacteriostatic
Stops micro-organism from dividing
Bacteriocidal
Kills micro-organism
Empirical Treatment
Treatment started before a specific diagnosis, based on experience and knowledge of likely pathogens.
Synergistic Effect
The enhanced effect of two or more drugs used together, resulting in a greater therapeutic outcome than when used individually.
Prophlaxis
Prevention of disease or infection, often through medication or vaccination.
Inherent Resistance
The natural ability of certain pathogens to resist the effects of specific drugs, often due to genetic factors.
Acquires Resistance
The ability of pathogens to develop resistance to drugs over time, often through genetic mutations or selective pressure from drug use.
Antibiotic Misuse
Not taking properly or overusing antibiotics, leading to resistance.
Cross Resistance
The phenomenon where pathogens that are resistant to one antibiotic also show resistance to another antibiotic, often with a similar mechanism of action.
Allergic Reactions
Hypersensitivity, rash, itching, hives, angioedema, anaphylatic shock or other adverse effects due to immune response to a drug.
Superinfection
A secondary infection that occurs during or after treatment with antibiotics, often caused by resistant bacteria or fungi.
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