China: Agriculture and Industry dates/stats

When was the Agrarian Reform Law?

1950

When did mutual aid teams begin grouping families together?

1951

When was the start of voluntary Agricultural Producers’ Co-operatives?

1952

When did the first FYP start?

1953

What happened in the summer of 1955?

• ‘Socialist high tide’ launched

• Aim to set up ‘Higher’ APCs

What happened December 1955?

Nationalisation of all private businesses to be completed within two years

What had happened by Jan 1956?

All businesses nationalised

When was the anti-rightest campaign launched in the aftermath of HFC?

Summer of 1957

When was the first people’s commune experiment launched in Henan province?

April 1958

When and where was the Great Leap Forward announced?

May 1958, 8th CCP Congress

Over what period were communes established across China?

1958 Aug-Dec

WHen was the retreat from backyard furnaces and reduction of steel targets?

Spring 1959

What conference occurred in July 1959?

Lushan

How many tonnes of grain in the 1959 Autumn harvest that led to famine?

170 million tonnes

How much grain did the 1960 harvest produce?

143 million tonnes

When was China’s first successful atomic test?

1964

Over what period did the first FYP span over?

1952-56

How many deaths from the famine?

20 million

By the end pf 1951 how many landlords had lost their land?

10 million

By the end of 1951 what % of the land had changed hands?

40%

When did MATs begin to form and how many families would unite to form them?

1951

10

How many families made up APCs from 1952-?

40-50

By March 1955 what % of rural households were in APCs?

14%

What was the change in the number of households in APCs from July 1955-Jan 1956?

17m-75m

How many households were in ‘higher’ APCs (HPCs)?

200-300

What % of the population worked the land?

90%

How much did food production increase per year in the first FYP?

3.8%

What was the first People’s Commune called?

When/where was it established?

How many collectives did it merge?

How many households were under its control?

The Sputnik

April 1958, Henan Province

27

9000

1959-61 how many collectives were merged into how many communes?

How many households made these up?

75,000→26,000

120m

Everyone between what ages had to be militia members?

15-50

How bad was the 1958-63 famine?

30m deaths, highest estimate 50m. Tibet lost 25% of its population

What % of state procurement of grain was there in 1957,58,59,60?

17%, 21%, 28%, 21%

Where were massive grain imports arranged from in 1961?

Canada, Australia, USA

What was the inflation in 1951?

15%

How many civilian technicians came over as part of the Sino-Soviet treaty to teach China how to run a Soviet state?

10,000

How much did Russia loan China for security?

$300m

In the first FYP 1952-57, what % of the target for coal was met?

115%

In the first FYP 1952-57, what % of the target for steel was met?

129%

In the first FYP 1952-57, what % of the target for locomotives was met?

83.5%

How much did the urban population grow due to migration 1949-1957?

57m-100m

By the end of the first FYP how many children under the age of 16 were in full-time education?

Less than half

In 1958 what % of Party members were peasants?

70%

September 1958 what % of Chinese steel came from local furnaces? What about October?

14%, 49%

At the end of the second FYP (1962) how many heavy industrial goods and light industrial goods were being manufactured compared to 1957 levels?

½ and ¾