WGU D313 Mock OA 3 Comprehensive Review Questions with 100% accurate solutions 2026-2027

Which blood vessel is considered an exchange vessel?

Capillary

Atherosclerosis directly causes what change in the vessel?

Decreased lumen diameter

A pulmonary embolism may result in which type of shock?

Obstructive shock

High hematocrit is associated with which condition?

Polycythemia

What is true about the enzyme content of mature RBCs?

They contain carbonic anhydrase.

What is the function of carbonic anhydrase?

Converts carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid.

Which cells secrete pulmonary surfactant?

Type II alveolar cells

A reduction in surfactant would most likely cause what pulmonary issue?

Alveolar collapse

Which airway structures directly connect to the alveoli?

Respiratory bronchioles

What occurs to thoracic volume when the diaphragm contracts?

Thoracic volume increases.

Central chemoreceptors primarily respond to changes in which ion concentration?

Hydrogen ion concentration

What is the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs?

Alveoli

Which fat-soluble vitamin is essential for calcium absorption?

Vitamin D

What do parietal cells of the stomach secrete?

Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

What do chief cells of the stomach secrete?

Pepsinogen

A deficiency of intrinsic factor impairs the absorption of which vitamin?

Vitamin B12

Which stomach hormone increases gastric secretion?

Gastrin

Which accessory organ stores and concentrates bile?

Gallbladder

Which organ is responsible for synthesizing plasma proteins?

Liver

Which metabolic process increases after fasting for 24 hours?

Glycogenolysis

Which process creates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Gluconeogenesis

Prolonged fasting increases the production of what energy source?

Ketogenesis (ketone bodies)

Which vessel carries blood away from the glomerulus?

Efferent arteriole

What is the direct action of ADH on the collecting ducts?

Aquaporin insertion

What is the primary physiological effect of ADH?

Increased water reabsorption

What effect does ANP have on ADH secretion?

Decreased ADH secretion

FSH acts directly on which cells in the male testes?

Sertoli cells

What do Sertoli cells secrete to regulate spermatogenesis?

Androgen-binding protein (ABP) and inhibin

Which cells produce testosterone?

Leydig cells (interstitial cells)

Where do sperm become functionally motile?

Epididymis

In which region of the ovary are ovarian follicles located?

Cortex

Which hormonal event triggers ovulation?

LH surge

Which hormone is primarily secreted by the corpus luteum?

Progesterone

What is the primary function of progesterone in the uterus?

Maintains the endometrium

What is the main characteristic of the ovarian follicular phase?

Follicle maturation

What is the most common site of fertilization?

Ampulla of the uterine tube

Which structures sweep the oocyte into the uterine tube?

Fimbriae

Which area of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain?

Right arm (and right side of head/thorax)

What is the most abundant type of white blood cell?

Neutrophil

Which innate immune cell is the primary rapid-responding phagocyte?

Neutrophil

Which white blood cell is most important for defense against parasites?

Eosinophil

Which cells primarily release histamine during an allergic response?

Basophils and mast cells

What type of cells are Natural Killer (NK) cells?

Innate lymphocytes

What are the four cardinal signs of local inflammation?

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain

Which brain region regulates body temperature and fever?

Hypothalamus

Fever is stimulated by which circulating substances?

Pyrogens

MHC I molecules present antigens to which immune cells?

CD8 T cells (cytotoxic T cells)

MHC II molecules present antigens to which immune cells?

CD4 T cells (helper T cells)

What is the primary role of dendritic cells?

Link innate and adaptive immunity

Which specific immune cell produces antibodies?

Plasma cell