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[...] use suffix –ol or prefix hydroxy-
alcohols
contains an -OH group
- alcohols have a higher priority than double or triple bonds
1º, 2º, and 3º alcohols are named according to the number of carbons attached to [which carbon]
the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group
in other words where the hydroxyl is bound to a primary, secondary, or tertiary carbon
This is a [primary, secondary, or tertiary] alcohol
primary
This is a [primary, secondary, or tertiary] alcohol
secondary
This is a [primary, secondary, or tertiary] alcohol
tertiary
This compound is known as a/an [...]
phenol
benzene ring with -OH group attached
- named for the relative position of the -OH group
The substituents on this benzene ring are in [...] position
ortho position
The substituents on this benzene ring are in [...] position
meta
The substituents on this benzene ring are in [...] position
para
[...] are conjugated cyclic diketones but are not aromatic
quinnes
synthesized through oxidation of phenols
examples
vitamin k1 (phylloquinone)
vitamin k2 (the menaquinones)
[...] are produced by oxidation of quinones
hydroquinones
adds a variable number of hydroxyl groups
[...] is a biologically active quinone that acts as an electron acceptor in complexes I, II, and III of the electron transport chain
ubiquinone
also called coenzyme q
it is reduced to ubiquinol
When an alcohol is oxidized it becomes one of the following compounds:
[...]
[...]
[...]
aldehyde
ketone
carboxylic acid
oxidation of an alcohol removes the H and adds a second bond to the O to make a carbonyl
Treatment of an alcohol with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) leads to the formation of a/an [...]
aldehyde
any stronger xidinind agent will oxidize the alcohol all the way to carboxylic acid
-OH is a [good or bad] leaving group
bad
Alcohols can be converted to [...] or [...] to make them better leaving groups for nucleophilic substitution reactions
mesylates or tosylates
Aldehydes and ketones be protected by converting them into [...] or [...]
acetals or ketals
This is a/an [...]
acetal
a primary carbon with two -OR groups anad a hydrogen atom
This is a/an [...]
ketal
a secondary carbon with two -OR groups