organic chemistry 5: Alcohols

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/18

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

19 Terms

1
New cards

[...] use suffix –ol or prefix hydroxy-

alcohols

  • contains an -OH group

  • - alcohols have a higher priority than double or triple bonds

<p>alcohols </p><ul><li><p>contains an -OH group </p></li><li><p>- alcohols have a higher priority than double or triple bonds </p></li></ul><p></p>
2
New cards

1º, 2º, and 3º alcohols are named according to the number of carbons attached to [which carbon]

the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group

  • in other words where the hydroxyl is bound to a primary, secondary, or tertiary carbon

<p>the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group </p><ul><li><p>in other words where the hydroxyl is bound to a primary, secondary, or tertiary carbon </p></li></ul><p></p>
3
New cards
<p><span>This is a </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[primary, secondary, or tertiary]</strong></span><span> alcohol</span></p>

This is a [primary, secondary, or tertiary] alcohol

primary

<p>primary </p>
4
New cards
<p><span>This is a </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[primary, secondary, or tertiary]</strong></span><span> alcohol</span></p>

This is a [primary, secondary, or tertiary] alcohol

secondary

<p>secondary </p>
5
New cards
<p><span>This is a </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[primary, secondary, or tertiary]</strong></span><span> alcohol</span></p>

This is a [primary, secondary, or tertiary] alcohol

tertiary

<p>tertiary </p>
6
New cards
<p><span>This compound is known as a/an </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span></p>

This compound is known as a/an [...]

phenol

  • benzene ring with -OH group attached

  • - named for the relative position of the -OH group

<p>phenol</p><ul><li><p>benzene ring with -OH group attached </p></li><li><p>- named for the relative position of the -OH group </p></li></ul><p></p>
7
New cards
<p><span>The substituents on this benzene ring are in </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span><span> position</span></p>

The substituents on this benzene ring are in [...] position

ortho position

<p>ortho position </p>
8
New cards
<p><span>The substituents on this benzene ring are in </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span><span> position</span></p>

The substituents on this benzene ring are in [...] position

meta

<p>meta </p>
9
New cards
<p><span>The substituents on this benzene ring are in </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span><span> position</span></p>

The substituents on this benzene ring are in [...] position

para

<p>para </p>
10
New cards

[...] are conjugated cyclic diketones but are not aromatic

quinnes

  • synthesized through oxidation of phenols

  • examples

    • vitamin k1 (phylloquinone)

    • vitamin k2 (the menaquinones)

<p>quinnes </p><ul><li><p>synthesized through oxidation of phenols</p></li><li><p>examples</p><ul><li><p>vitamin k1 (phylloquinone)</p></li><li><p>vitamin k2 (the menaquinones) </p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
11
New cards

[...] are produced by oxidation of quinones

hydroquinones

  • adds a variable number of hydroxyl groups

<p>hydroquinones </p><ul><li><p>adds a variable number of hydroxyl groups </p></li></ul><p></p>
12
New cards

[...] is a biologically active quinone that acts as an electron acceptor in complexes I, II, and III of the electron transport chain

ubiquinone

  • also called coenzyme q

  • it is reduced to ubiquinol

<p>ubiquinone </p><ul><li><p>also called coenzyme q</p></li><li><p>it is reduced to ubiquinol </p></li></ul><img src="https://knowt-user-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/488e2142-82f5-477c-8e82-ac431b808cd2.jpg" data-width="100%" data-align="center"><p></p>
13
New cards

When an alcohol is oxidized it becomes one of the following compounds:

[...]

[...]

[...]

aldehyde

ketone

carboxylic acid

  • oxidation of an alcohol removes the H and adds a second bond to the O to make a carbonyl

<p>aldehyde</p><p>ketone</p><p>carboxylic acid </p><ul><li><p>oxidation of an alcohol removes the H and adds a second bond to the O to make a carbonyl </p></li></ul><p></p>
14
New cards
<p><span>Treatment of an </span><strong><u>alcohol</u></strong><span> with </span><strong>pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) </strong><span>leads to the formation of a/an </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span></p>

Treatment of an alcohol with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) leads to the formation of a/an [...]

aldehyde

  • any stronger xidinind agent will oxidize the alcohol all the way to carboxylic acid

<p>aldehyde</p><img src="https://knowt-user-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/a0394e14-3b6d-42c6-8a5c-72e5ecb5014f.png" data-width="100%" data-align="center"><ul><li><p>any stronger xidinind agent will oxidize the alcohol all the way to carboxylic acid </p></li></ul><p></p>
15
New cards

-OH is a [good or bad] leaving group

bad

<p>bad </p>
16
New cards

Alcohols can be converted to [...] or [...] to make them better leaving groups for nucleophilic substitution reactions

mesylates or tosylates

<p>mesylates or tosylates </p>
17
New cards

Aldehydes and ketones be protected by converting them into [...] or [...]

acetals or ketals

<p>acetals or ketals </p>
18
New cards
<p><span>This is a/an </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span></p>

This is a/an [...]

acetal

  • a primary carbon with two -OR groups anad a hydrogen atom

<p>acetal </p><ul><li><p>a primary carbon with two -OR groups anad a hydrogen atom </p></li></ul><p></p>
19
New cards
<p><span>This is a/an </span><span style="color: mediumseagreen"><strong>[...]</strong></span></p>

This is a/an [...]

ketal

  • a secondary carbon with two -OR groups

<p>ketal </p><ul><li><p>a secondary carbon with two -OR groups </p></li></ul><p></p>