anatomy exam 1

Anterior/Posterior

Microvilli function

increase surface area for absorption/secretion (nutrients in gut)

Microvilli motility

immobile

Microvilli location

kidney tubules

small intestine

egg cells

Cilia function

move substances across cell surface/sense signals

Cilia motility

motile

Cilia location

trachea

brain

fallopian tubes

Simple squamous - function / location

rapid absorption

lung alveoli & blood capillaries

Simple cuboidal - function / location

secretion / absorption / excretion

kidney tubules, gland ducts, ovaries

Simple columnar - function / location

movement (ciliated) / absorption & secretion of mucus & enzyme (non ciliated)

respiratory tract

Stratified squamous - function / location

protection of underlying tissue from abrasion/pathogens/water loss

skin, mouth, esophagus, vagina, anus

Stratified cuboidal - function / location

protection

ducts, mammary glands

Pseudostratified columnar - function / location

protection / secretion / absorption

trachea, male repro. ducts

Stratified columnar - function / location

protection / secretion of mucus & fluids

urethra (M), anus, pharynx, conjunctiva

Endocrine glands (duct? empty where? produce?)

No duct

empty into blood

produce hormones

exocrine glands (duct? empty where? produce?)

Duct

empty secretions via ducts onto epithelial surface

produce tears/sweat

connective tissue functions (5) PSBTI

protection

support

binds

transport

immunity (NLMEB)

Proper: Areolar

LOOSE

ground substance

function: support vasculature, inflammatory response

Proper: Adipose

LOOSE

bubble

function: cushion organ, insulation, energy storage

Proper: Reticular

LOOSE

function: support network for blood cells within lymph/spleen/liver

Proper: Regular

DENSE

function: waves of collagen fibers – limit stretch in single direction

Proper: Irregular

DENSE

function: withstand tension in diff. directions

Proper: Elastic

DENSE

function: facilitate recoil after stretching

Supporting Connective Tissue

bone - spongy / compact

cartilage - hyaline / fibrocartilage / elastic

Bone: Spongy

function: reduce weight, support vasculature

Bone: Compact

function: weight bearing, support

Cartilage

hyaline

elastic - mobility

fibrocartilage - support forces

Fluid connective tissue

Blood

Lymph

Skeletal system functions (5)

protection

support

movement

mineral storage

blood cell formation

long bone function

movement, support

short bone function

shock absorption

flat bone function

protect vital organs

sesamoid bone function

reduce friction

pneumatic bone function

communicate w/ exterior

irregular bone function

protection, support, muscular attachment

muscle function (4)

cmph

contraction

movement

posture

heat production

Nervous system functions (5)

iggms

initiate movement

gland secretion

gather info about ext. environment & int. body status via senses

maintain st. of consciousness

stimulate feelings appropriate for survival

CNS function (4)

Body control center

Process info

Make decision

Send command to body

brain parts

·        Cerebrum (lobes)

·        Cerebellum (muscle tone)

·        Brainstem (flex/head function)

Lobes

·        Frontal lobe = decision-making/social behavior

·        Parietal lobe = sensory info

·        Temporal lobe = sensory/memory/emotion

·        occipital lobe = visual info

spinal cord functions (3)

·        control body movements

·        report senses to brain

·        reflexes

PNS function

SOMATIC

→ voluntary skeletal muscles, afferent (toward CNS) & efferent (away CNS)

AUTONOMIC

—> “fight or flight” & “rest and digest”

ACh

• contraction, chemical

• transmit nerve impulse across synapses

Acetylcholine

NE

• increases heart rate, blood pressure, alertness

Norepinephrine

Glutamate

• gas pedal of nervous system

• activate neurons and allow brain & nervous system to function

GABA

• brake pedal of CNS

• reduces/slows nerve activity

Gamma-aminobutyric acid