Issues in Global Politics-EI - S25 - Darr Final Study Guide

Migrants

typically choose to move to another country or region, can be temporary or permanent,

Refugees

forced to flee, have international law to have certain rights and protections, might not have had time to plan without belongings

Does cultural similarities drive migrant flows

no

does economic opportunity drive migrant flows

yes

remittances

largest cash flow from rich to poor countries

How can we define slavery

the legal ownership of persons, unpaid forced labor, total control of one person by another for economic exploitation,

Define colonialism

the direct political control of a group of people by a foreign state, the control by one group over another inhabiting a separate territory, an empire that was developed for settlement by individual communities or for commercial purposes,

neo-colonialism

still exits in various forms, and has many of the same motivating forces

deproletarianization

slavery still exists in different forms, and often as a way to cut labor costs.

Cash crops

forced labor system for agricultural commodities, coffee, cocoa, cotton in Ivory Coast

Supply chain controlled

by colonial companies’ example, Ivory Coast: CFDT in the past; today, Nestle?

unequal exchange

raw materials exported, finished goods imported; Ivory Coast: cotton going out, textiles coming in

IMF

International “lender of last resort” which lends money to countries in economic crisis

IMF puts conditions on loans

desperate borrowing country must sign on to certain things in order for the loan to come through

Liberalism

the political system in which the government is legally bound not to cross certain boundaries, Individualism and rights (Property rights), limited government (checks and balances), importance of proper legal procedures, a preference for markets as a way to distribute goods

free market

system of voluntary exchange of goods and currencies wherein every transaction benefit both parties

demand

will determine supply and price, keeping them appropriate to fulfil demand

liberalism’s implications for political economy

the market ought to function on its own as much as possible to distribute goods efficiently

Neoliberalism (liberal globalism)

an ideology which advocates for applying free-market policies globally and at all levels “globalizing the market”

Neoliberalism DLPA

Deregulation: of economy (environment, labor, finance) Liberalization of markets: toward smaller government (free trade and free financial flows) Privatization: of public (state-owned) services (opposite of nationalization, when a state buys up an industry) Austerity: balancing gov’t budgets through spending cuts

nationalization

when a state buys up an industry

class struggle

The antagonism and competition between those who own for a living (bourgeoisie) and those who must work for a living (proletariat)

surplus-value of labor

value of a worker’s labor that is not paid back in wages and instead goes to the capitalist as profit (under capitalism, you’ll never be paid what you’re worth)

exploitation

workers’ wages go to the capitalist as profit

Workforce segmentation

strategic division of the working class into subgroups (gender, race, employment) to prevent revolution

labor “free Market”

one-sided and unfair to laborers, “work or starve” is not freedom, “reserve army” of the unemployed

Marxist critiques of liberal capitalism

dominant ideology legitimizes class domination (material base produces ideological superstructure), the market makes economically unequal societies more unequal

Capitalist industrialization

Began in the 15th century Europe, manufacturing became the dominant part of the economy, gradually moved out of the household and into the factory, agriculture became less prominent, urbanization and other social changes

Globalization

integration of the world economy (more specifically: spread of industrial capitalism across the globe)

Gender segmentation

masculine activities tend to be valorized and rewarded, famine activities tend to be overlooked and un(der)paid

Flexibilization of labor

Work is becoming less secure, more poorly paid, and adjunct professors see flexibilization as feminization. Most informal (uncounted, unregulated) labor is done by women

What do superhero stories tend to tell us about conflict and peace?

conflict happens between good and evil, and active hero rescues a passive crowd, conflict is resolved through violence

International law and state sovereignty

comes mainly from treaties: agreements between sovereigns, bilateral treaties, multilateral treaties

international law is legally binding

all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land, but

U.N charter

centerpiece of international law

collective security pact

the UN’s big idea

4 fundamentals of realism

The world is an anarchic “state of nature”, states are sovereign (nobody can legitimately tell them what to do) states are rational, unitary actors (rational: states have goals and use foreign policy as a means to achieve them, unitary: states act like autonomous individuals, how policy is formed is irrelevant) states operate according to their interest, not moral precepts (morality is a propaganda tool to preserve power)

Classical realism (human nature realism)

Believes there will always be war between states because humans crave power and seek it through violence

structural realism (neo-realism)

Believes there will always be war between states because states seek security in anarchy, and power is the best means to security

liberalism: 4 fundamentals

states can cooperate through international institutions, international commerce makes states less willing to fight, the spread of democracy makes war less likely, some states are just, and others are not (states can and should be judged by common standards of morality)

realists

states are not cooperative because they face security dilemmas again and again

liberals

precisely because they face the security dilemma again and again, they learn to cooperate

economic liberalism

economic interdependence (makes states less prone to violence) trade partners are less likely to go to war with each other

agenda-setting

deciding what is news and what is left out

newsworthiness

standard by which agenda setting is determined

framing

putting a story into a frame, different frames use different facts (some left out) framing can narrow the scope of debate

propaganda blitz

attacking and discrediting ‘official enemies’ preparing the way for action or intervention

Problem-solving theory

points itself at a problem and tries to solve it, works within certain assumptions, started or not

critical theory

steps back from solving the problem, questions the volubility of the assumptions (stated or not) of the problem, also asks the question: who benefits?