Define All Vocab:AP GO PO Unit 3

1st Amendment

Protects freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

2nd Amendment

Guarantees the individual right to bear arms.

4th Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures by gov

5th Amendment

Ensures due process, double jeopardy protection, and protection against self-incrimination.

6th Amendment

Guarantees the right to a fair and speedy trial.

8th Amendment

Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

14th Amendment

Defines citizenship, equal protection, and due process.

15th Amendment

Prohibits the denial of voting rights based on race.

19th Amendment

Grants women the right to vote.

26th Amendment

Lowers the voting age to 18.

Establishment Clause

Prohibits the establishment of a national religion.

Free Exercise Clause

Protects the right to practice religion freely.

Lemon Test

Determines if a law violates the Establishment Clause.

Prior Restraint

Censorship imposed before speech is made.

Defamation

False statement harming a person's reputation.

Slander

Spoken defamation.

Libel

Written defamation.

Obscenity

Material that offends prevailing community standards.

Symbolic Speech

Expressing ideas through conduct or symbols.

Seditious Speech

Speech inciting rebellion against authority.

Fighting Words

Words likely to provoke violence.

Clear and Present Danger

Standard for restricting speech that threatens public safety.

Exclusionary Rule

Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court.

Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine

Evidence derived from illegal actions is also inadmissible.

Miranda Rights

Rights read to arrested individuals.

Equal Rights Amendment

Proposed amendment for gender equality.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Protects voting rights for minorities.

Civil Disobedience

Nonviolent protest against laws deemed unjust.

Patriot Act

Law expanding government surveillance powers.

Due Process Clause

Guarantees fair treatment under the law.

Selective Incorporation

Applying Bill of Rights to states through the 14th Amendment.

Equal Protection Clause

Prohibits discrimination by the government.

Substantial Due Process

Protects fundamental rights from government interference.

Procedural Due Process

Ensures fair procedures in legal proceedings.

Affirmative Action

Policies promoting opportunities for underrepresented groups.

De Facto Discrimination

Discrimination based on practices rather than laws.

De Jure Discrimination

Discrimination based on laws.

Dred Scott

Supreme Court case denying citizenship to African Americans.

Civil Rights

Rights ensuring equal treatment and protection under the law.

Civil Liberties

Individual freedoms protected by law.

Title IX

Prohibits sex-based discrimination in education programs receiving federal funding.