DA II exam 2

lefamulin class

pleuromutilins

polymyxin B sulfate class

polymyxin

colistimethate class

polymyxin

rifampin class

rifamycin

rifaximin class

rifamycin

fidaxomicin class

rifamycin

fosfomycin class

urinary tract agent

methenamine hippurate class

urinary tract agent

nitrofurantoin class

urinary tract agent

nitrofurantoin brand

macrodantin, furadantin

taurolidine/heparin class

thiadiazinane

bacitracin class

topical antibacterial

polymyxin B class

topical antibacterial

mafenide acetate class

topical antibacterial

mupirocin class

topical antibacterial

mupirocin brand

bactroban

silver sulfadiazine class

topical antibacterial

sulfacetamide class

topical antibacterial

ozenoxacin class

topical antibacterial

gentamicin class

aminoglycoside

gentamicin brand

garamcyin

tobramycin class

aminoglycoside

tobramycin brand

nebcin

amikacin class

aminoglycoside

amikacin brand

amikin

plazomicin class

aminoglycoside

streptomycin class

aminoglycoside

neomycin class

aminoglycoside

azithromycin class

macrolide

azithromycin brand

zithromax, zmax

clarithromycin class

macrolide

clarithromycin brand

biaxin

erythromycin class

macrolide

telithromycin class

ketolide

doxycycline class

tetracycline

doxycycline brand

vibramycin, doryx, adoxa

minocycline class

tetracycline

minocycline brand

minocin

omadacycline class

tetracycline

eravacycline class

tetracycline

demeclocycline class

tetracycline

tigecycline class

glycylcycline

clindamycin class

lincosamide

clindamycin brand

cleocin

lincomycin class

lincosamide

linezolid class

oxazolidinones

linezolid brand

zyvox

tedizolid class

oxazolidinones

quinupristin/dalfopristin class

streptogramins

chloramphenicol brand

miscellaneous RNA synthesis inhibitor

sulfonamide class

folate antagonist

trimethoprim class

folate antagonist

pyrimethamine class

folate antagonist

sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim class

folate antagonist

sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim brand

bactrim, septra

metronidazole class

nitroimidazole

metronidazole brand

flagyl

tinidazole class

nitroimidazole

benznidazole class

nitroimidazole

secnidazole class

nitroimidazole

ciprofloxacin class

fluoroquinolones

ciprofloxacin brand

cipro

levofloxacin class

fluoroquinolone

levofloxacin brand

levaquin

moxifloxacin class

fluoroquinolone

moxifloxacin brand

avelox

delafloxacin class

fluoroquinolone

ofloxacin class

fluoroquinolone

finafloxacin class

fluoroquinolone

gatifloxacin class

fluoroquinolone

gepotidacin class

triazaacenaphthylene

gepotidacin brand

blujepa

zoliflodacin class

spiropyrimidinetrione

pleuromutilins MOA

• A and P sites of the peptidyl transferase center

• targets the 50s

• closes the binding pocket in an induced fit the prevents correct tRNA positioning

are pleuromutilins bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

bacteriostatic

are pleuromutilins time-dependent or composite?

time-dependent

lefamulin coverage

narrow spectrum (respiratory pathogens)

what is lefamulin FDA-approved for?

for CAP

how is lefamulin metabolized?

hepatically - must adjust dose in hepatic disease

what is lefamulin mixed with in IV?

citrate-buffered NS bag

how should lefamulin be taken?

PO on an empty stomach

serious ADR with lefamulin

QT prolongation

why is lefamulin CI with CYP3A4 substrates?

prolongs QT interval

polymyxins MOA

cationic detergent

are polymyxins bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

bactericidal

are polymyxins concentration or time dependent?

concentration

polymyxins spectrum

narrow spectrum

which bacterium do polymyxins specifically cover?

MDR GNRs including acinetobacter and pseudomonas (specifically life-threatening infections)

what is special about colistimethate’s pharmacology?

it’s a prodrug

polymyxins have excellent tissue penetration except what areas?

CNS, synovial, pleural, pericardial

are polymyxins renally or hepatically eliminated?

renally → dose reduction is required

how else are polymyxin B available?

generic injectable

polymyxin B BBW

• nephrotoxicity

• neurotoxicity

• respiratory muscle paralysis

can polymyxins be used in pregnancy?

yes cautiously - fetal and infant risk can’t be ruled out

when can polymyxins via IM/intrathecal be used?

hospital use only

rifamycins MOA

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

are rifamycins bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

bactericidal

rifamycins coverage

narrow → each agent is restricted to its own niche

is rifaximin orally absobed?

no → for GI diseases, not systemic

rifaximin bacterial coverage

gram (-) bacilli