Intro to Sociology Exam 3 Final

Symptoms of Groupthink

An illusion of invulnerability
Unquestioned belief in the group's morality
Rationalization
Sereotyped view of opponet
Conformity Pressure
Self-censorship
Illusion of unanimous decision
Mindgurads

Mindguards

Controls/filters the amount of information, in an effort, to focus the group, limit dissent, and direct decisions to a narrow range of outcomes (could be positive or negative)

What society is most likely to view men and women equally

Hunting and gathering societies

Primary group

Intimate, face to face interactions, provides a sense of identity, group values fuse with "selfhood", central in forming social nature and ideals of individuals

Secondary group

Larger, impersonal, more formal (classroom), based on common interests, generally fail to satisfy, created for relationship/ intimacy and tend to have primary groups embedded

In-group

Loyalty, tend to excuse/overlool faults, apt to defend

Out-group

Antagonism, tend to make faults issues of character, apt to accuse

Reference group

Standard for comparison (does not have to be in group to which you belong) often leads to adoption of characteristics, can produce inner conflict (implicative dilemmas)

Implicative dilemmas

Change in one construct at odds with another construct

Social networks

Links between people
Cliques
Networking

Cliques

Small groups that often formed from a larger network- people tend to belong to multiple

Group dynamics

Impact of the group on the individual and the individual on the group

Dyads

2 people, most intimate, least stable, only 1 person needs to lose intrest

Triads

3 people
Fundamental changes to structure/ relationships
Intimacy and interaction decrease
Unstable (according to Simmel)
Smallest stable unit (according to Bowen)

Instrumental leader

Generally more reconized
Task-oriented, keeps group on target

Expressive leader

Generally not recognized
Focused on unity and harmony, decreasing conflict

Authoritarian

More likely to give orders

Democratic

More likely to seek consensus

Laissez-faire

Tends to be highly permissive

Solomon Asch's experiment on group conformity demonstrated that

Because of group pressure, most people are willing to say things they know are not true

Milgram's "teacher learner" experiments demonstrated that

A substantial number of people will inflict pain on others if ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority.

Genocide

the annihilation or attempted annihilation of a people because of their presumed race or ethnicity

Race

A group whose inherited physical characteristics distinguish it from other groups; a supposed biological approach

Ethinicty

Having a distinctive cultural characteristics (nation or region of origin, food, clothing, religion)

Desmond's parents style

Authoritative

Stephanie's parenting style

Authoritarian and some uninvolved

Elijah's parents style

Neglectful and uninvolved. His grandparents were the same.

How do groups become a minority

Through the expansion of political boundaries and immigration (involuntary or voluntary)

Discrimination

an act of unfair treatment directed against and individual or a group

Prejudice

an attitude or prejudging, usually in a negative way

What is contact theory

the idea that prejudice and negative stereotypes decrease and racial-ethnic relations improve when people from different racial-ethnic background, who are of equal status, interact frequently

Positive impacts of parenting

Child is successful, positive, has a good relationship with parents and is motivated, higher education

Negative impacts of parenting

Child has low self esteem, health concerns, low education, spend time in jail

Serve and return interaction

The child “serves” by reaching out for interaction—eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, babbling, or touch. A responsive caregiver will “return the serve” by speaking back, playing peekaboo, or sharing a toy or a laugh.

ACEs and relationship to human development

As the number of negative experiences increased, the rates of lifelong adverse consequences escalate.

Participants of the Tuskegee Syphilis study

600 poor, black males

5 Tenets of CRT

Race is a social construct
Racism is normal, not aberrational
Interest Convergence accounts for changes in minority rights
Storytelling & Counter-storytelling
Whites have been recipients of Civil Rights legislation

Implicit bias

A form of bias that occurs automatically and unintentionally, that nevertheless affects judgments, decisions, and behaviors

Microaggression

A comment or action that subtly and often unconsciously or unintentionally expresses a prejudiced attitude toward a member of a marginalized group

Intersectionality

The oppression and discrimination resulting from the overlap of an individual’s various social identities