Symptoms of Groupthink
An illusion of invulnerability Unquestioned belief in the group's morality Rationalization Sereotyped view of opponet Conformity Pressure Self-censorship Illusion of unanimous decision Mindgurads
Mindguards
Controls/filters the amount of information, in an effort, to focus the group, limit dissent, and direct decisions to a narrow range of outcomes (could be positive or negative)
What society is most likely to view men and women equally
Hunting and gathering societies
Primary group
Intimate, face to face interactions, provides a sense of identity, group values fuse with "selfhood", central in forming social nature and ideals of individuals
Secondary group
Larger, impersonal, more formal (classroom), based on common interests, generally fail to satisfy, created for relationship/ intimacy and tend to have primary groups embedded
In-group
Loyalty, tend to excuse/overlool faults, apt to defend
Out-group
Antagonism, tend to make faults issues of character, apt to accuse
Reference group
Standard for comparison (does not have to be in group to which you belong) often leads to adoption of characteristics, can produce inner conflict (implicative dilemmas)
Implicative dilemmas
Change in one construct at odds with another construct
Social networks
Links between people Cliques Networking
Cliques
Small groups that often formed from a larger network- people tend to belong to multiple
Group dynamics
Impact of the group on the individual and the individual on the group
Dyads
2 people, most intimate, least stable, only 1 person needs to lose intrest
Triads
3 people Fundamental changes to structure/ relationships Intimacy and interaction decrease Unstable (according to Simmel) Smallest stable unit (according to Bowen)
Instrumental leader
Generally more reconized Task-oriented, keeps group on target
Expressive leader
Generally not recognized Focused on unity and harmony, decreasing conflict
Authoritarian
More likely to give orders
Democratic
More likely to seek consensus
Laissez-faire
Tends to be highly permissive
Solomon Asch's experiment on group conformity demonstrated that
Because of group pressure, most people are willing to say things they know are not true
Milgram's "teacher learner" experiments demonstrated that
A substantial number of people will inflict pain on others if ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority.
Genocide
the annihilation or attempted annihilation of a people because of their presumed race or ethnicity
Race
A group whose inherited physical characteristics distinguish it from other groups; a supposed biological approach
Ethinicty
Having a distinctive cultural characteristics (nation or region of origin, food, clothing, religion)
Desmond's parents style
Authoritative
Stephanie's parenting style
Authoritarian and some uninvolved
Elijah's parents style
Neglectful and uninvolved. His grandparents were the same.
How do groups become a minority
Through the expansion of political boundaries and immigration (involuntary or voluntary)
Discrimination
an act of unfair treatment directed against and individual or a group
Prejudice
an attitude or prejudging, usually in a negative way
What is contact theory
the idea that prejudice and negative stereotypes decrease and racial-ethnic relations improve when people from different racial-ethnic background, who are of equal status, interact frequently
Positive impacts of parenting
Child is successful, positive, has a good relationship with parents and is motivated, higher education
Negative impacts of parenting
Child has low self esteem, health concerns, low education, spend time in jail
Serve and return interaction
The child “serves” by reaching out for interaction—eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, babbling, or touch. A responsive caregiver will “return the serve” by speaking back, playing peekaboo, or sharing a toy or a laugh.
ACEs and relationship to human development
As the number of negative experiences increased, the rates of lifelong adverse consequences escalate.
Participants of the Tuskegee Syphilis study
600 poor, black males
5 Tenets of CRT
Race is a social construct Racism is normal, not aberrational Interest Convergence accounts for changes in minority rights Storytelling & Counter-storytelling Whites have been recipients of Civil Rights legislation
Implicit bias
A form of bias that occurs automatically and unintentionally, that nevertheless affects judgments, decisions, and behaviors
Microaggression
A comment or action that subtly and often unconsciously or unintentionally expresses a prejudiced attitude toward a member of a marginalized group
Intersectionality
The oppression and discrimination resulting from the overlap of an individual’s various social identities