Microbial Structure

What is the primary function of bacterial endospores? A) Reproduction B) Survival C) Growth D) Respiration

Survival

What would be the immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes? A) Respiration would cease B) Protein synthesis would stop C) DNA replication would stop D) Cell division would stop

Protein synthesis would stop.

Which statement is NOT true about bacterial endospores? A) They are resistant to extreme conditions B) They are a means of reproduction C) They can remain dormant for long periods D) They can be viable for many years

They are a means of reproduction.

What does the LPS layer in gram-negative cell walls release? A) Lipopolysaccharides B) Endotoxin that causes fever C) Exotoxin that causes illness D) Antigen that enables immune response

Endotoxin that causes fever.

What is the major difference between a spirochete and a spirillum? A) Shape B) Size C) Nature of motility D) Coloration

The nature of motility.

What is a primary function of the bacterial cell wall? A) Energy storage B) Protection C) Support D) Communication

Support.

Type IV Pili are appendages in which type of bacteria that serve as a means of what? A) Genetic exchange in gram-positive bacteria B) Genetic exchange in gram-negative bacteria C) Locomotion in all bacteria D) Adhesion in eukaryotes

Gram-negative bacteria that serve as a means of genetic exchange.

Which eukaryotic organelle resembles a bacterial cell? A) Nucleus B) Golgi apparatus C) Mitochondria D) Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria.

Where does protein synthesis occur in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? A) Cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells; mitochondria in eukaryotic cells B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells; cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells C) Nucleus in both types of cells D) Ribosomes only in prokaryotic cells

Rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells; cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells.

Which of the following is NOT a difference between endospores and vegetative cells? A) Vegetative cells are more resilient due to their metabolic activities B) Endospores are more sensitive to change C) Thickness of cell wall D) Dormancy periods

Vegetative cells are more resilient due to their metabolic activities, whereas endospores are more sensitive to change.

What determines the outcome of the Gram stain? A) Presence of ribosomes B) Differences in the cell wall C) Type of pili D) Size of the bacteria

Differences in the cell wall.

Which component is not found in all bacterial cells? A) Cell membrane B) Cytoplasm C) Actin cytoskeleton D) Genetic material

Actin cytoskeleton.

What are the major locomotor structures in bacteria? A) Cilia B) Flagella C) Pseudopodia D) Cilia and flagella

Flagella.

When does bacterial sporulation generally occur? A) In favorable conditions B) When conditions are favorable or there are plenty of nutrients C) When conditions are unfavorable or there are insufficient nutrients D) During growth phases

When conditions are unfavorable or there are insufficient nutrients.

Which type of ribosome is found in prokaryotic cells? A) 80S ribosomes B) 70S ribosomes C) 50S ribosomes D) 40S ribosomes

70S ribosomes.

Which prokaryote lacks a cell wall? A) Bacillus B) Mycobacterium C) Mycoplasma D) E. coli

Mycoplasma.

Which structure is not a component of all cells? A) Cell wall B) Nuclear membrane C) Cytoplasm D) Ribosomes

Cell wall.

What are microorganisms that do NOT have a nucleus classified as? A) Eukaryotes B) Prokaryotes C) Virus D) Fungi

Prokaryotes.

Which structures are found in eukaryotic cells but NOT in prokaryotic cells? A) Nucleus only B) All choices are correct C) Mitochondria only D) Ribosomes only

All choices are correct.