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b) mL/min
Blood flow is measured in
a) mm/Hg
b) mL/min
c) beats/min
d) mm/min
a) blood vessel radius
Which of the following has the greatest effect on blood flow?
a) blood vessel radius
b) blood vessel length
c) blood vessel viscosity
d) blood vessel elasticity
c) vasodilation
Which of the following would not result in a decrease in the blood vessel radius?
a) vasoconstriction
b) plaque formation in the artery wall
c) vasodilation
d) contraction of smooth muscle in the arterial wall
b) two times the radius of the blood vessel
The diameter of the blood vessel is the same as ...
a) the circumference of the blood vessel
b) two times the radius of the blood vessel
c) the area of the blood vessel
d) half the radius of the blood vessel
b) lumen
The opening of the blood vessel where the blood flows is called the
a) laminar flow
b) lumen
c) tunic
d) valve
the flow rate increased
When the radius increased by 0.5mm, what happened to the flow rate?
no
Was the graph plotted with radius on the X-axis and flow rate on the Y-axis linear (straight line)?
b) pressure gradient
What is the driving force for blood flow?
a) viscosity
b) pressure gradient
c) peripheral resistance
d) laminar flow
c) smooth muscle relaxation
How does the body increase the blood vessel radius?
a) smooth muscle contraction
b) skeletal muscle relaxation
c) smooth muscle relaxation
d) cardiac muscle relaxation
b) are directly proportional
Vessel radius and fluid flow ...
a) are inversely proportional
b) are directly proportional
c) have a linear relationship
d) are unaffected by each other
d) constricted, dilated
After a heavy meal, when we are relatively inactive, we might expect blood vessels in the skeletal muscles to be somewhat _______________, and the blood vessels in the digestive organs to be somewhat ______________.
a) dilated, constricted
b) dilated, dilated
c) constricted, constricted
d) constricted, dilated
a) increased
When you increase the flow tube radius, the fluid flow rate
a) increased
b) decreased
c) did not change
d) varied, depending on the organ being served
c) plasma protein
Which of the following is not a formed element?
a) leukocyte
b) erythrocyte
c) plasma protein
d) platelet
b) decrease blood viscosity
Thrombocytopenia is a reduction in platelets. What effect do you think this could have on blood viscosity?
a) increase blood viscosity
b) decrease blood viscosity
c) no effect on blood viscosity
d) O2 level in blood
Which of the following does not contribute to the viscosity of the blood?
a) plasma proteins
b) RBC count
c) WBC count
d) O2 level in blood
b) peripheral resistance
Viscosity most directly affects
a) vessel radius
b) peripheral resistance
c) vessel length
d) blood pressure
c) The fluid flow rate will decrease
What effect does increasing the viscosity have on the fluid flow rate?
a) The fluid flow rate will not change
b) The fluid flow rate will increase
c) The fluid flow rate will decrease
b) They are inversely proportional to each other
What is the relationship between fluid flow & viscosity?
a) They are directly proportional to each other
b) They are inversely proportional to each other
c) They are independent of one another
d) Their relationship is exponential
a) increased blood flow due to decreased viscosity
What effect do you think aplastic anemia (reduced blood cells) would have on blood flow?
a) increased blood flow due to decreased viscosity
b) decreased blood flow due to decreased viscosity
c) increased blood flow due to increased viscosity
d) decreased blood flow due to increased viscosity
c) decreased flow rate
Increasing viscosity resulted in
a) no change in flow rate
b) increased flow rate
c) decreased flow rate
d) decreased viscosity, increased flow
What effect would a decreased hematocrit have on blood flow?
a) increased viscosity, increased flow
b) increased viscosity, decreased flow
c) decreased viscosity, decreased flow
d) decreased viscosity, increased flow
b) increased viscosity, decreased flow
What do you predict would be the overall affect on viscosity during dehydration?
a) increased viscosity, increased flow
b) increased viscosity, decreased flow
c) decreased viscosity, decreased flow
d) decreased viscosity, increased flow
d) both friction & surface area
When the length of blood vessels increases, which of the following also increases?
a) blood vessel radius
b) friction
c) surface area
d) both friction & surface area
c) when we lose weight
Blood vessel length decreases
a) when we get older
b) when we gain weight
c) when we lose weight
d) with increased blood pressure
b) directly proportional to vessel radius to the fourth power
Blood flow is
a) inversely proportional to vessel radius
b) directly proportional to vessel radius to the fourth power
c) not related to vessel radius
d) directly proportional to vessel radius squared
a) Resistance to flow increases with increased vessel length
Which of the following correctly describes resistance to flow?
a) Resistance to flow increases with increased vessel length
b) Resistance to flow increases with increased vessel radius
c) Resistance to flow increases with decreased vessel length
d) Resistance to flow is directly proportional to vessel radius
c) The fluid flow rate will decrease
What effect does increasing the flow tube length have on the fluid flow rate?
a) The fluid flow rate will not change
b) The fluid flow rate will increase
c) The fluid flow rate will decrease
b) They are inversely proportional to each other
What is the relationship between fluid flow and flow tube length?
a) They are directly proportional to each other
b) They are inversely proportional to each other
c) They are independent of one another
d) Their relationship is exponential
b) changes in blood vessel diameter
Which is more likely to occur on a daily basis?
a) changes in blood vessel length
b) changes in blood vessel diameter
c) changes in red blood cell count
b) The flow rate decreased
Increasing the flow tube length is analogous to increasing blood vessel length. How did this affect the flow rate?
a) The flow rate increased
b) The flow rate decreased
c) The flow rate stayed the same
d) The flow stopped
c) Blood vessel length is directly proportional to resistance and inversely proportional to blood flow
Which of the following correctly describes the relationships between blood vessel length, resistance, and blood flow?
a) Blood vessel length is inversely proportional to resistance and inversely proportional to blood flow
b) Blood vessel length is directly proportional to resistance and directly proportional to blood flow
c) Blood vessel length is directly proportional to resistance and inversely proportional to blood flow
d) Blood vessel length is inversely proportional to resistance and directly proportional to blood flow
d) Blood vessel radius is inversely proportional to resistance and directly proportional to blood flow
Which of the following correctly describes the relationships between blood vessel radius, resistance, and blood flow?
a) Blood vessel radius is inversely proportional to resistance and inversely proportional to blood flow
b) Blood vessel radius is directly proportional to resistance and directly proportional to blood flow
c) Blood vessel radius is directly proportional to resistance and inversely proportional to blood flow
d) Blood vessel radius is inversely proportional to resistance and directly proportional to blood flow
a) to provide more blood flow and, therefore, nutrients to a particular body part
Which of the following describes why the body might require an increase in blood vessel radius?
a) to provide more blood flow and, therefore, nutrients to a particular body part
b) to accommodate growth in height of an individual
c) to compensate for weight gain
d) to compensate for weight loss
b) changes in the force of contraction of the heart
Pressure changes in the cardiovascular system primarily result from
a) vessel elasticity changes
b) changes in the force of contraction of the heart
c) viscosity changes
d) vessel length changes
d) pressure gradient
What is the driving force for blood flow?
a) viscosity
b) peripheral resistance
c) changes in elasticity
d) pressure gradient
e) blood vessel radius & pressure gradient
Which of the following is directly proportional to blood flow?
a) viscosity
b) blood vessel length
c) blood vessel radius
d) pressure gradient
e) blood vessel radius & pressure gradient
c) pressure changes
Arteries close to the heart need to be able to compensate for
a) viscosity changes
b) gradient changes
c) pressure changes
d) oxygen
b) The fluid flow rate will increase
What effect does increasing the pressure have on the fluid flow rate?
a) The fluid flow rate will not change
b) The fluid flow rate will increase
c) The fluid flow rate will decrease
a) yes
Is the graph plotted with pressure on the X-axis and flow rate on the Y-axis linear?
a) yes
b) no
changes in the force of contraction of the heart
pressure changes are used to model
b) increase flow rate
The effect of increasing pressure was to
a) decrease flow rate
b) increase flow rate
c) decrease pump rate
d) increase pump rate
c) mm Hg
Blood pressure is measured in
a) ml/min
b) beats/min
c) mm Hg
d) mm/min
d) vessel radius
Which of the following variables has the greatest effect on blood flow?
a) vessel length
b) pressure differences
c) viscosity
d) vessel radius
a) ml/min
Blood flow is measured in
a) ml/min
b) beats/min
c) mm Hg
d) mm/min
c) ventricular diastole
The heart is resting during
a) ventricular systole
b) atrial systole
c) ventricular diastole
d) the ejection period
d) to the lungs
The right side of the heart pumps blood
a) through the bicuspid valve
b) to the systems of the body
c) only to arteries
d) to the lungs
b) smooth muscle
The layer of the blood vessel that is stimulated by the autonomic nervous system is
a) the valve
b) smooth muscle
c) cardiac muscle
d) endothelium
b) the L ventricle of the heart
In the PEx experiment, the pump simulates
a) the R ventricle of the heart
b) the L ventricle of the heart
c) the R atrium of the heart
d) the L atrium of the heart
d) aortic valve and aorta
If the right beaker simulates the flow of blood to the systemic circuit of the body, what do the right valve & flow tube represent?
a) bicuspid valve and pulmonary veins
b) aortic valve and pulmonary veins
c) bicuspid valve and aorta
d) aortic valve and aorta
b) end systolic volume
When the piston of the pump reaches its lowest point, the volume remaining in the pump is the
a) stroke volume
b) end systolic volume
c) end diastolic volume
d) end stroke volume
b) Flow rate will increase and resistance will decrease
If you increase the right flow tube radius, what will happen to resistance and flow rate?
a) Flow rate will increase and resistance will increase
b) Flow rate will increase and resistance will decrease
c) Flow rate will decrease and resistance will increase
d) Flow rate will decrease and resistance will decrease
b) the pump rate will decrease
If you increase the flow tube radius, what will happen to the pump rate to maintain constant pressure?
a) the pump rate will increase
b) the pump rate will decrease
c) the pump rate will not change
d) the blood coming from the lungs
If the left flow tube represents the pulmonary veins, what does the left source beaker represent?
a) the L atrium
b) the R atrium
c) the pulmonary artery
d) the blood coming from the lungs
b) diastole
The pump piston in the simulation is up during
a) systole
b) diastole
c) contraction
d) dialysis
c) left ventricle
The pump piston in the simulation represents the
a) right ventricle
b) right atrium
c) left ventricle
d) left atrium
d) stroke volume
The amount of blood flowing into the destination beaker (right beaker) with a single pump is called the
a) end diastolic volume
b) pump volume
c) end systolic volume
d) stroke volume
b) an increase in flow rate, which increased the pump rate
In the experiment, the increase in right flow tube radius resulted in
a) an increase in flow rate, which decreased the pump rate
b) an increase in flow rate, which increased the pump rate
c) an decrease in flow rate, which decreased the pump rate
d) an decrease in flow rate, which increased the pump rate
d) left atrium
Which chamber should be present in the flow pattern of the experiment, given that the vessels and valves surrounding it are present?
a) left ventricle
b) right ventricle
c) right atrium
d) left atrium
b) venous return
Which of the following variables directly contributes to preload?
Preload: the degree to which the ventricles are stretched by the end diastolic volume (EDV); results from the amount of ventricular filling between strokes
a) end systolic volume
b) venous return
c) stroke volume
d) contractility
c) dehydration
Which of the following would not increase end diastolic volume?
a) exercise
b) a slow heart rate
c) dehydration
d) increased venous return
d) increased end systolic volume
Increased contractility of the heart results in all but which of the following?
a) increased stroke volume
b) increased force of contraction
c) increased cardiac output
d) increased end systolic volume
d) all of these affect stroke volume
Which of the following does not affect stroke volume?
a) preload
b) contractility
c) afterload
d) all of these affect stroke volume
c) end diastolic volume
Which of the following is not equivalent to the others?
a) cardiac output
b) heart rate times stroke volume
c) end diastolic volume
d) total blood flow per minute
b) The pump rate will increase to maintain cardiac output
If the pump rate is analogous to the heart rate, what happens to the rate when you increase the stroke volume?
a) The pump rate will decrease to maintain cardiac output
b) The pump rate will increase to maintain cardiac output
c) The pump rate will decrease to maintain venous return
d) The pump rate will increase to maintain venous return
d) The heart intrinsically alters stroke volume to accommodate changes in the preload
Why did changing the end pump volume (ESV) automatically change the stroke volume?
a) The heart is extrinsically controlled in this manner
b) Stroke volume = ESV - EDV
c) ESV must be greater than EDV
d) The heart intrinsically alters stroke volume to accommodate changes in the preload
a) cardiac output is equivalent to blood flow
During the experiment studying the effect on stroke volume on pump activity, the flow stayed constant with each trial because
a) cardiac output is equivalent to blood flow
b) stroke volume is equivalent to blood flow
c) the end systolic volume isn't changing
d) the vessel radii aren't changing
b) by increasing contractility
How does the heart provide for an increase in stroke volume?
a) by increasing afterload
b) by increasing contractility
c) by increasing heart rate
d) by decreasing preload
b) Pump rate would increase
What do you think would happen when stroke volume is decreased?
a) Pump rate would decrease
b) Pump rate would increase
c) There would be no change in pump rate
d) Blood flow would decrease
e) Stroke volume and contractility have increased
Why might an athlete's resting HR be lower than that of the average person?
a) End systolic volume has decreased
b) Venous return has increased
c) Stroke volume has increased
d) Contractility has increased
e) Stroke volume and contractility have increased
c) flow rate
In the activity in studying the effect of stroke volume on pump activity, which of the following stayed constant?
a) stroke volume
b) pump rate
c) flow rate
d) end volume
d) ESV = EDV - SV
Which of the following is true?
a) EDV = ESV - SV
b) SV = ESV - EDV
c) SV = EDV + ESV
d) ESV = EDV - SV
