ARTH211Test1

Arts and Crafts Movement

a social and artistic movement of the second half of the 19th cent.

Emphasized

-hardwork,

-skilled craftsmanship,

-and attention to design

planned obsolescence

instilling in the buyer the desire to own something a little newer a little better a little sooner than is necessary — Brooks Stevens

Commodity Fetishism

Marxist term associated with Joseph Schumpeter,

capitalism's cycle of destroying or downsizing to build or create new innovations and new systems

Semiotics

the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation

visual rhetoric

persuasive language, communication aspiring to achieve a certain goal through the implementation and combination of various visual elements

Bauhaus

State school of art in Germany 1919- 1933

Weimar

A reference to the republic of Germany that lasted from 1919 to 1933.

Location of the bauhaus school

blackletter type

is associated with the Middle Ages, Germany, and Nazism

-it appeared in propaganda posters

deutscher werkbound

avant garde designers who embraced industrialization because they saw design possibilities within

standardization

Object Poster

have four components

-product image

-product name

-flat color shapes

-straightforward lettering

moving assembly line

invented by ford motors, makes assembly easier and cheaper

Alfred P. Sloan

President of General Motors

Flexible Mass Production

things would have the same parts but they could be combined in different ways

— people would feel like they were getting something handcrafted or custom

Realism of means and techniques

Lazlo maholy nagy

destijl

1920, art style

promotes

- use of geometric shapes

-basic colors

-based on the idea of universal harmony. Mondrian and van Doesburg are the main artists.

Dada

artistic movement in which artists rejected tradition and produced works that often shocked their viewers

Russian Constructivism

Arising out of the work of the artist Vladimir Tatlin, the artists of this movement are from the 1920s

developed an abstract/ geometric style that was designed to serve the needs of the powerful, new Soviet state.

Futurism

early 20th century (1909-1940) Italian art movement that

emphasized

-speed, chaos, destruction, and war

Consumer engineering

idea is to shape a product to fit more with a consumer's needs or tastes, but it also includes any plan which stimulates the consumption of goods

obsoletism

a device for stimulating consumption

Streamlining

efficient way to go faster

Karl Marx

founder of modern communism

Gustav Stickley

Furniture maker to come out of the American Arts and Crafts Movement

Roland Barthes

French theorist combined the use of semiotics with a cultural component that included the creation of social myth

Peter Behrens

German architect known for his simple utilitarian factory buildings (1868-1940)

Henry van de Velde

1863-1957, graphic designer and theorist, founds Belgium art nouveau movement

Muthesius

use of mechanical mass production, believes standardization will alone make possible the development of a universally valid, unfailing good taste"

Lucien Bernhard

famous for creating style Poster Design - using reductive imagery and flat colors which restricted the image to only be product and brand name

edward johnson

designed a typeface for the London Underground railway

Lester Beall

-posters for rural electrification administration (1937)

-operates on a fine line between abstraction and illustration (a few lines can communicate the US providing electricity)

Norman Bel Geddes

-one of the main developers of Streamlining

-Streamlining would express America's technological modernity and it would appeal to consumers

-emphasized speed of modern life and consumption (think futurism without the politics)

Buck Minister Fuller

-streamliner and designer

-gotten approval from the society of engineers to develop a concept for a teardrop shaped car (prior to Geddes)

-produced a series of teardrop shaped cars that culminated in the Dymaxion

Edward Johnston

-developed unified signage, 1916

-design based on absolute function and clarity

-the type itself is designed for standardization, Highly Geometric

Herbert Bayer

-shred nationalism through abstraction

-Designed the Bauhaus catalog exterior

-Takes charge of print workshop, develops Universal Alphabet (1926)

Walter gropius

-1st Director of bauhaus

-solving visual problems caused by industrialism, which lead to unity of art and technology

Lazlo Moholy-Nagy

-Designed the interior of the bauhaus catalog

- says typography is a tool for communication, must be legible and clear, uninhibited use of all linear directions

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

3rd director of bauhaus

Theo van Doesburg

-Founder of De Stijl movement

-believes dada and destijl are opposing forces, that dada will destroy the world and destijl will rebuild it.

Kurt Schutters

Contributed to "The Scarecrow" (1922)

storybook for children where the letters are characters

Tristan Tzara

-Poster for Salon Dada, 1921

El Lissitzky

example of a sign for a factory "The Factory Workbenches Await You", the notion that this abstract sign would inspire you to work — one of the last attempts to make abstraction a means of public communication)

Vladimir Tatlin

-born in Ukraine 1885, died Soviet Union 1953(5)?

-mother was a poet, father an engineer

-designs for clothing and a stove, illustrated article in "The New Everyday Life," 1924

-Integrate art and life / Construction v composition

Varvara Stepanova

Russian constructivism

A new kind of human, a new kind of fashion

created uniforms that

-were of a Egalitarian and Androgynous Order

-were of a Geometric World

- and were of a Dynamic Machine World

Fillipo Marinetti

-written the futurist manifesto in feburary 1909

-embraced speed, violence, destruction

furtunato depero

-futurist

-helped bring modernist design to the US

-created vogue cover 1930

Giacomo Balla

created "Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash (Leash in Motion)" 1912

-known for demonstration of movement

jan tschichold

-influenced avant garde in the us

-created new typography 1928

-created elementare typography 1925

-associated with bauhaus

- book help make sense of avant garde design and how to make it dynamic