Studied by 38 people
pidgin language
often emerges when two or more languages coexist in a small geographic area. It involves the natural combination of two or more languages into one fluid and changeable dialect.
slang
an informal, often short-lived kind of language used in place of standard words
time-space convergence
the process of travel time diminishing as technological advancements in transportation and communication bring places closer together
animism
Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and life
colonialism
the process by which one nation exercises near complete control over another country which they have settled and taken over
imperialism
the practice of a country extending its power and influence over other countries, typically through the use of military force, economic coercion, or cultural domination.
reverse hierarchical diffusion
when culture spreads from the bottom of a hierarchy to other parts that are considered the bottom, which completely bypasses the top
relocation diffusion
When people move, or relocate, they spread ideas along with them
cultural appropriation
a situation where a dominant social or cultural group takes an expression, idea, or product from an oppressed cultural group and uses it for its own benefit
theocracy
the government is presumed to be divinely ordained by God
fundamentalism
Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion.
blue laws
laws restricting or banning certain activities on specified days, usually Sundays in the western world
sharia
the legal framework within which public and some private aspects of life are regulated for those living in a legal system based on Muslim beliefs
nationality
Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there.
neolocalism
The seeking out of regional culture in response to uncertainty of the modern world
ethnic island
an area predominantly populated by a single ethnicity
charter group
the early arriving ethnic group that created the first effective settlement and established the recognized cultural norms to which other, later groups are expected to conform
diaspora
a community of people who are dispersed throughout the world, but retain their cultural, religious, or ethnic differences
cultural realm
a geographical region where cultural traits maintain homogeneity
cultural region
a geographic region that is characterized by a predominanly uniform culture
linguist
a scientist who specializes in the nature of human language
indo-european languages
family of languages spoken in most of Europe and areas of European settlement
romance languages
a group of related languages all derived from Vulgar Latin
isogloss
a boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions
contemporary architecture
the current style of architecture.
post modern architecture
tries to design buildings that are visually pleasing to human beings and provide modern humans with a link to their past
traditional architecture
traditional building styles of different cultures, religions, and places
placelessness
a phenomenon that happened when a place/location loses its distinctiveness or its uniqueness
built environment
the tangible human creation on the landscape
nonmaterial culture
Anything on the landscape that comprises culture that cannot be physically touched (e.g., language and religion)
sociofacts
the structures and organizations of a culture which influence social behaviour
menifacts
The shared ideas, values, and beliefs of a culture
material culture
Anything that can physically be seen on the landscape
adage
A proverb or short statement expressing a general truth
official language
The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications
homogeneous
A population composed of similar people
adherent
A person who supports a certain religion
ethnic religion
relate closely to culture, ethnic heritage, and to the physical geography of a particular place
polytheism
the belief that there is multiple gods or divine beings
monotheism
the belief that there is only one god or divine being
karma
the notion that every action a person takes, whether good or bad, has a consequence in the future
caste system
System in India that gives every Indian a particular place in the social hierarchy from birth
gurdwara
a place of worship for Sikhs
pilgrimage
Voluntary travel to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site
homogenization
the tendency toward uniformity of ideas, values, technologies, and institutions
nativism
the practice of supporting the wants and needs of residents of a given area over the interests of immigrants
global culture
the interconnectedness and shared values, beliefs, practices, and behaviors that have emerged as a result of increased global communication, transportation, and globalization
globalization
a broad term that describes the increased inter connectivity between different regions and countries across the globe
indigenous culture
the unique customs, traditions, languages, and social structures of native or original inhabitants of a particular region or country
folk culture
describes cultural traditions that are done at a local level and which are derived from longstanding cultural practices
taboo
A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom
cultural complex
The group of traits that define a particular culture
Acculturation
the process by which people within one culture adopt some of their traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture.
Artifacts
object made by human beings, either hand-made or mass-produced that are part of a culture
Assimilation
category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other
Buddhism
the oldest universalizing religion, which arose from a hearth in northeastern India sometime between the mid-sixth and mid-fourth centuries BCE and is based on the teachings of SIddhartha Gautama, called the Buddha
Centrifugal force
a force that divides people and countries
Centripetal force
An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state
Christianity
A universalizing, monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus it began in the West Bank and Israel around the beginning of the common era and has spread to all continents.
Contagious diffusion
The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.
Creolization
The blending of African, European, and some Amerindian cultural elements into the unique sociocultural systems found in the Caribbean.
Cultural convergence
the contact and interaction of one culture with another
Cultural divergence
the process by which cultures become less similar due to confliciting beleifs or other barriors
Cultural hearth
a center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward
Cultural landscape
the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape
Cultural relativism
the practice of judging a culture by its own standards
Cultural trait
The specific customs that are part of the everyday life of a particular culture, such as language, religion, ethnicity, social institutions, and aspects of popular culture.
Culture
Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.
Dialects
Local or regional characteristics of a language. While accent refers to the pronunciation differences of a standard language, a dialect, in addition to pronunciation variation, has distinctive grammar and vocabulary
Diffusion
The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time
Ethnic neighborhoods/Enclaves
a neighborhood, typically situated in a larger metropolitan city and constructed by or comprised of a local culture, in which a local culture can practice its customs
Ethnicity
Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.
Ethnocentrism
Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.
Expansion diffusion
the spread of a cultural trait outward from where it organized.
Hierarchical diffusion
the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
Hinduism
Ethnic religionthat arose a few thousand years in South Asia and is closely tied to India.
Islam
A universal religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed that originated in the hearth of Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century.
Judaism
the world's first monotheistic religion, which developed among the Hebrew people of Southwest Asia about 4,000 years ago.
Language
distinct system of communication that is the carrier of human thoughts and culural identities.
Language branch
A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family.
Lingua franca
A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages
Multiculturalism
A perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions
Popular culture
Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.
Religion
the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.
Sense of place
the subjective feelings and memories people associate with a geographic location
Sequent occupancy
the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape
Sikhism
the newest universalizing religion, founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak who lived from 1469 to 1539, in the Punjab region of northwestern India.
Stimulus diffusion
a process of diffusion by which a cultural trait or diea spreads to another culture or region but is modified to adapt to the new culture.
Syncretism
process of innovation combining different cultural features into something new.
Toponyms
The name given to a portion of Earth's surface.
Traditional culture
long established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation
Universalizing religions
A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location.
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