Time Period 3 APUSH

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

Albany Plan of Union

Proposal for colonial unity during the French and Indian War.

Benjamin Franklin

Key figure advocating for colonial unity and diplomacy.

Treaty of Paris, 1763

Ended French and Indian War; ceded territories to Britain.

Pontiac's Rebellion

Native American uprising against British post-war policies.

Proclamation of 1763

Restricted colonial expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Virtual Representation

Parliament's claim to represent all British subjects, including colonists.

Sugar Act, 1764

Tax on sugar and molasses to raise revenue from colonies.

Vice Admiralty Courts

Courts that tried maritime cases without juries.

Quartering Act, 1765

Required colonists to house British soldiers.

Stamp Act, 1765

Tax on printed materials, sparking colonial protests.

Patrick Henry

Colonial leader known for his opposition to British taxes.

Stamp Act Congress

First unified colonial response against British taxation.

Sons of Liberty

Secret society opposing British taxation and policies.

Declaratory Act, 1766

Asserted Parliament's authority over colonies after Stamp Act repeal.

Townshend Acts, 1767

Series of taxes on imports leading to colonial unrest.

Writ of Assistance

Legal documents allowing British searches without warrants.

John Dickinson

Author of 'Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania' advocating rights.

Samuel Adams

Leader in colonial resistance and organizer of protests.

Boston Massacre, 1770

Conflict resulting in the death of five colonists.

Committees of Correspondence

Networks for communication among colonies regarding British actions.

Tea Act, 1773

Granted British tea companies a monopoly, leading to protests.

Boston Tea Party, 1773

Protest against Tea Act; colonists dumped tea into harbor.

Coercive Acts, 1774

Punitive laws aimed at Massachusetts after Boston Tea Party.

Quebec Act, 1774

Extended Quebec's boundaries and recognized Catholicism, angering colonists.

Deism

Philosophy emphasizing reason and observation of the natural world.

Thomas Paine

Author of 'Common Sense,' advocating for independence.

1st Continental Congress

Gathering of colonial delegates to address British policies.

Battle of Lexington and Concord

First military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.

Declaration of Independence

Document declaring American colonies' independence from Britain.

Loyalists

Colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown.

Patriots

Colonists who supported independence from Britain.

Battle of Saratoga

Turning point in the Revolutionary War; secured French alliance.

Treaty of Alliance with France, 1778

Agreement for military support between America and France.

Treaty of Paris, 1783

Ended Revolutionary War; recognized American independence.

Daughters of Liberty

Women who supported boycotts against British goods.

Republican Motherhood

Ideology emphasizing women's role in raising virtuous citizens.

Haitian Revolution

Successful slave revolt leading to Haiti's independence.

Articles of Confederation

First governing document of the United States, weak central government.

Land Ordinance

Established a systematic process for surveying and selling land.

Shays' Rebellion

Armed uprising against economic injustices in Massachusetts.

Constitutional Convention

Meeting to address weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Virginia Plan

Proposal for a bicameral legislature based on population.

New Jersey Plan

Proposal for a unicameral legislature with equal representation.

Great Compromise

Combined Virginia and New Jersey Plans for Congress structure.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Counted slaves as three-fifths of a person for representation.

Slave Trade Compromise

Allowed slave trade to continue until 1808.

Federalists

Supporters of a strong central government and the Constitution.

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of a strong central government; favored states' rights.

Federalist Papers

Essays promoting the ratification of the Constitution.

James Madison

Father of the Constitution; key architect of the Bill of Rights.

Federalism

System of government dividing power between national and state levels.

Separation of Powers

Division of government responsibilities into distinct branches.

Bill of Rights

First ten amendments guaranteeing individual liberties.

George Washington

First President of the United States; leader during the Revolution.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Established the federal judiciary system and courts.

Alexander Hamilton

First Secretary of the Treasury; creator of financial plan.

Report on Public Credit, 1790

Hamilton's plan to manage national debt and finances.

Report on a National Bank, 1790

Proposal for a central bank to stabilize the economy.

Report on Manufactures, 1791

Hamilton's plan to promote American manufacturing.

French Revolution

Revolution in France challenging monarchy and aristocracy.

Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793

Declared U.S. neutrality in European conflicts.

Jay's Treaty, 1794

Agreement to resolve issues with Great Britain post-Revolution.

Pinckney's Treaty, 1795

Agreement with Spain granting U.S. navigation rights on Mississippi.

Whiskey Rebellion, 1794

Farmers' revolt against federal excise tax on whiskey.

Federalists (political party)

Political party advocating for a strong national government.

Democratic-Republicans

Political party opposing Federalist policies; favored states' rights.

Thomas Jefferson

Third President; principal author of the Declaration of Independence.

Loose construction

Interpretation of the Constitution allowing broader federal powers.

Strict construction

Interpretation of the Constitution limiting federal powers.

Washington's Farewell Address

Advice against political parties and foreign alliances.

John Adams

Second President; key figure in American independence.

XYZ Affair

Diplomatic incident leading to an undeclared naval war with France.

Alien & Sedition Acts, 1798

Laws restricting immigration and limiting free speech.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 1798

Statements asserting states' rights to nullify federal laws.