Civil Rights Vocabulary Quiz (Robbins)

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20 Terms

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civil liberties
Rights - chiefly, rights to be free of government interference - according to an individual by the Constitution: free speech, free press, and so on.
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clear-and-present danger test
Law should not punish speech unless there was a clear and present danger of producing harmful actions.
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due process of law
Denies the government the right, without due process, to deprive people of life, liberty, and property.
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equal protection of the laws
A standard of equal treatment that must be observed by the government.
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establishment clause
First Amendment ban on laws “respecting an establishment of religion.”
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exclusionary rule
Improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial.
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freedom of expression
Right to people to speak, publish, and assemble.
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freedom of religion
People shall be free to exercise their religion, and government may not establish a religion.
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free-exercise clause
First Amendment requirement that law cannot prevent free exercise of religion.
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good faith exception
An error in gathering evidence sufficiently minor that it may be used in a trial.
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inevitable discovery
The police can use evidence if it would inevitably have been discovered.
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libel
Writing that falsely injures another person.
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prior restraint
Censorship of a publication.
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probable cause
Reasonable cause for issuing a search warrant or making an arrest; more than mere suspicion.
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public safety exception
The police can question an un-Mirandized suspect if there is an urgent concern for public safety.
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search warrant
A judge’s order authorizing a search.
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selective incorporation
The process whereby the Court has applied most, but not all, parts of the Bill of Rights to the states.
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symbolic speech
An act that conveys a political message.
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time, place, and manner
Governments may place restrictions on the time, place, and manner of expression or assembly, so long as they are not being restricted purely for their content.
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wall of separation
Court ruling that government cannot be involved with religion.