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Sir's, Lords, Explorers, ETC>
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John Cabot
A native of Genoa who sailed to the northeastern coast of North America on an expedition sponsored by King Henry VII. (unsuccessful)
Richard Hakluyt
An Oxford clergyman and the outstanding English propagandist (a person who promotes or publicizes a particular organization or cause) for colonization. He argued that new markets for English goods, a decrease in poverty and unemployment, and the purchase of new products (lumber/naval stores/silver/gold) would occur after colonization.
John Calvin
French theologian who was the most influential reformer, and went even further than Luther hadn't rejecting the Catholic belief that human institutions could affect an individual's prospects for salvation. Introduced the doctrine of Predestination
Martin Luther
Augustinian monk and ordained priest
King Henry VIII
In 1529, he became angered by the Pope’s refusal to grant him a divorce from his Spanish wife. (She couldn’t give him a son)
“Bloody Mary”
Nickname of Henry’s Catholic daughter.
Queen Elizabeth I
Mary’s half-sister, who became England’s sovereign. Severed the nation’s connection with the Catholic Church.
King James I
A Scotsman and the first of the Stuarts, in 1603. Believed kings ruled by divine right and didn’t believe he needed to compromise with his opponents.
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
Established the first British colony in the New World, served time as governor of one Irish district, and suppressed native rebellions. He was an educated and civilized man. Considered the natives less than human and therefore not entitled to what other civilized people receive for their treatment. Beheaded Irish soldiers after they were killed in battle.
Sir Walter Raleigh
Active in Ireland in the mid-16th century, he derived from his experiences there an outlook that he would take to America, where he made similarly vicious efforts to subdue and subjugate the natives. Lead a group of men from Ireland to Roanoke.
Sir Richard Grenville
Active in Ireland in the mid-16th century, he derived from his experiences there an outlook that he would take to America, where he made similarly vicious efforts to subdue and subjugate the natives. Later, would accompany Walter Raleigh to lead a group of men from plantations in Ireland to establish a colony in Roanoke.
Samuel de Champlain
The founder of Quebec, led an attack on a band of Mohawks because of an instigation by his Algonquin trading partners.
Henry Hudson
An English explorer in the employ of the Dutch, sailed up the river that was to be named for him in what is now New York state in 1609. Bekued he had found a long-sought water route through the continent to the Pacific (he was wrong). His explorations led to a Butch claim on territory in America and to the establishment of a permanent Dutch presence in the New World.
Sir Francis Drake
The most successful “sea dog” who staged successful raids on Spanish merchant ships and built confidence in England’s ability to challenge Spanish sea power. Returned with 4600% profit for investors. Queen Elizabeth I secretly invested in his ventures, then knighted him.
King Philip II
A Powerful Spanish king had recently united his nation, Portugal. Determined to end England’s challenges to Spanish commercial supremacy and to bring the English back into the Catholic Church. Assembled one of the largest military fleets in the history of warfare, known to history as the “Spanish Armada.” Tried to launch an attack on England.
John White
Returned to England several weeks after his daughter, Virginia, was born in search of supplies and additional settlers. Hoped to return in a few months. He did not return to the island for 3 years. When he returned in 1590, the island was deserted andhe had no clue where the settlers when. “Croatoan”
Virginia Dare
John White’s daughter and the daughter of the commander of the expedition. First American-born child of English parents.
Chief Powhatan
A Great chief who controlled a large area near the coasts.
Captain John Smith
Forced work and order on the settlement, and created a shaky relationship with the Native Americans. 38/144 men were alive after a free month of settling in Virginia (due to disease and famine).
Lord De La Warr
First governor of the colonies. Was on the ship and forced the colonists to go back to Jamestown.
John Rolfe
Planter who began cultivating the crop, Tobacco, in Virginia. Married Pocahontas
Sir Thomas Dale
Imposed a harsh and rigid discipline on the colony. Organized settlers into work gangs, and they sentenced offerens to be flogged, hanged, or broken on the wheel. Worked with Sir Thomas Gates
Sir Thomas Gates:
Imposed a harsh and rigid discipline on the colony. Organized settlers into work gangs, and they sentenced offenders to be flogged, hanged, or broken on the wheel. Worked with Sir/Governor Thomas Dale
Pocahontas
Sir Thomas Dale left unrelenting assaults against the Powhatan Indians and, in the process, kidnapped the great chief Powhatan’s daughter, Pocahontas. Married John Rolfe.
Opechancanough
Became head of the native confederacy after his brother died.
George Calvert
Envisioned establishing a colony both as a great speculative venture in real estate and as a retreat for English Catholics, many of whom felt oppressed by the Anglican establishment at home. Died before he could recieve a charter from the king.
Lord Baltimore
Received a charter remarkable not only for the extent of the territory it granted him, an area that encompassed parts of what are now Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia, in addition to present-day Maryland.
Sir William Berkeley
Arrived in Virginia in 1642 at the age of 36, having been appointed governor by King Charles I. He remained in control of the government until the 1670s. Popular governor. Organized the force that put down the 1644 Indian uprising.
King Charles I
Appointed Sir William Berkeley as governor of Virginia.
Oliver Cromwell
He had a victory in 1649 in the English Civil War, and many opponents fled to the colony.
Nathaniel Bacon
Wealthy young man, arrived in Virginia in 1673. Purchased a substantial farm in the west and won a seat on the governor’s council. Established himself, in other words, as a member of the backcountry gentry. Had great political ambitions. Was not included in Green Spring.