chemistry 1.4 - electronic structure

What do shells contain?

Different types of subshells that have different numbers of orbitals which each hold 2 electrons

How many orbitals and electrons in subshell s?

1 orbital, 2 electrons

How many orbitals and electrons in subshell p?

3 orbitals, 6 electrons

How many orbitals and electrons in subshell d?

5 orbitals, 10 electrons

How many orbitals and electrons in subshell f?

7 orbitals, 14 electrons

What are orbitals?

The bit of space that electrons move in and each orbital in the same subshell has the same energy

What is spin - pairing?

When the 2 electrons in each orbital spins in different directions to minimise repulsion

What shape is an s - orbital

Spherical

What shape is a p orbital

Dumbbell but the 3 p orbitals are at right angles to each other

Why does the 4s subshell fill before the 3d subshell?

Because it has a lower energy level

Where is the s - block on the periodic table and what does it mean?

Groups 1 and 2 and it means the outer subshell is a s subshell

Where is the p - block on the periodic table and what does it mean?

Groups 3 to 0 and it means the outer subshell is a p subshell

Where is the d - block on the periodic table and what does it mean?

The transition metals and it means the outer subshell is a d subshell

What makes chromium and copper different in their electronic configuration to the normal pattern atoms follow?

One of their 4s electrons is donated to 3d to make it more stable since if there are 2 electrons in the orbital they repel each other so it is easy to have one electron fron the 4s orbital to be moved to the 3d subshell