Milady CIMA Ch.06 Nail Diseases & Disorders

What should cosmetologists do to reduce the risk of spreading nail infections between clients?

They should always mix disinfectants according to the product label, use them correctly, and follow the steps of implementation and disinfection of the work station.

Whitish, discolored spots on the nails, usually caused by a minor injury to the nail matrix, are most likely a symptom of _________________.

leukonychia

Which of the following is most likely a symptom of nail psoriasis?

nail surface pitting, onycholysis, roughness, and random or evenly spaced bed discolorations.

An ingrown nail, wherein the nail grows into the sides of the tissue around the nail, is most likely a sign of __________________.

onychocryptosis

Which of the following refers to the separation of the nail plate and nail bed caused by injury or allergic reactions?

onycholysis

An unhealthy nail condition that is hereditary or caused by injury or disease of the nail unit:

nail disorder

Depressions running across the nail plate's width due to a slowing production of matrix cells:

beau's lines

Dark, purplish spots, usually due to a small nail bed injury:

bruised nail bed

Nail that has turned a variety of colors; may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation:

discolored nail

Noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than usual; usually caused by diet, heredity, internal disease, medication, or overfiling with an abrasive:

eggshell nail

Damaged skin around the nail plate (often on the eponychium) becomes split or torn:

hangnail

Whitish discoloration found inside the nail plate, usually caused by injury to the nail matrix:

Leukonychia

Significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails caused by increased pigment cells (melanocytes); may be seen as a black band under or within the nail plate, extending from the base to the free edge:

melanonychia

Irregular stretching of the eponychium or hyponychium around the nail plate; usually from serious injury or an allergic skin reaction:

nail pterygium

Also known as "bitten nails"; result of a habit of chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate:

onychophagy

Irregular split or brittle nails appearing as nail plate surface roughness; potentially caused by heredity, matrix injury, excessive exposure to cuticle removers, harsh cleaning agents, or aggressive filing techniques:

onychorrhexis

Also known as "trumpet nail"; a form of dramatically increased nail curvature of the free edge, whereby the nail can curl in upon itself or may be deformed only on one sidewall:

pincer nail

Also known as "folded nail"; a type of highly curved nail plate usually caused by injury to the matrix, but may be inherited:

plicatured nail

Vertical lines running the length of the natural nail plate, usually the result of aging:

ridged nail

Damage to the capillaries under the nail, giving the appearance of a lengthwise small splinter underneath the nail plate; caused by physical trauma or nail bed injury:

splinter hemorrhage

Finger with visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, or pus:

infected finger

Any deformity or disease of the natural nails:

Onychosis

Also known as "subungual melanoma"; a rare and serious type of cancer that begins in the nail matrix. It is more prevalent in the nails of your thumbs and big toes and usually affects one nail at a time. Sometimes it can look like other conditions that affect the nail bed, such as a bruise. If untreated it can metastasize or spread to other parts of your body:

nail melanoma

Nail surface pitting, roughness, onycholysis and bed discolorations randomly or evenly spaced; nail plate may appear as if it has been filed with a coarse abrasive, or the free edge may be ragged, or both:

nail psoriasis

Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail caused by infection or injury:

onychia

Also known as "ingrown nail"; nail grows into the living tissue around the nail:

onychocryptosis

Separation of the nail plate and bed, often due to injury or allergic reactions:

Onycholysis

Separation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed; caused by infection, matrix injury, systemic illness, or medical procedure:

onychomadesis

Nail plate fungal infection, consisting of whitish patches that can be scraped off the nail's surface or long whitish or pale yellowish streaks within the nail plate:

onychomycosis

Bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail; redness, pus, and swelling are usually present:

paronychia

Rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause infection; seen in early stages as yellow-green spot that becomes darker in its advanced stage, changing from yellow to green to brown to black:

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate:

pyogenic granuloma

Also known as "athlete's foot"; medical term for fungal infection of the feet; often seen as red patches or scaling of the skin on the bottom of feet and/or between the toe:

tinea pedis

You have just obtained your license and are about to perform a hand, nail, and skin analysis on a client. It is crucial that you perform this examination in order to identity potential disorders, conditions, or diseases before the service is performed.

Scenario for next 5

What is the FIRST thing you should do when you perform the analysis?

Wash your hands and make sure your client's hands are also washed.

When examining your client's hands, you notice that the skin is red. What other observation might indicate the client has an infection?

warm skin

When examining a client's nails, you make some careful observations. Which of these observations would NOT require you to refer the client to a medical professional?

dark purplish spots on the nail bed

As part of your analysis, you notice some unusual qualities in your client's hands. Which of these would prevent you from treating the client?

whitish patches that can be scraped off the nail's surface

After performing the hand, nail, and skin analysis, you have discovered what you suspect to be a separation of the nail plate from the nail bed. What should you do?

Refer the client to a doctor and do not perform the service.

True or False: The Definitions description of a scope of practice is the complete list of the services a licensed cosmetologist can perform.

True

True or False: A state's legislature sets laws and determines the scope of practice for each license offered within that state.

True

True or False: Cosmetology licenses for pedicure services usually include clauses that allow practices also performed by podiatrists.

False

Cosmetology law clauses prohibit such overlaps between medical and cosmetology services.

True or False: Scope of practice involves regulations determined by the industry, NOT. by laws.

False

Laws govern scope of practice and dictate what a license allows.

True or False: If you are licensed in one state, you can remove hair by waxing in every other state as well.

False

Although some states may allow hair removal by waxing by nail technicians who have been trained to do so, other states may not permit this.

Which type of glow is recommended for cosmetologists?

nitrile

What nail disorder is associated with nail surface pitting, roughness, onycholysis, and bed discolorations?

nail psoriasis

___________________ is also known as "athlete's foot."

tinea pedis

How would you respond to someone who says that because something is not specifically prohibited, it is allowed?

You can only perform practices listed specifically within your license.

Which of the following is a nail disease associated with the separation of the nail plate and bed due to injury or allergic reactions?

Onycholysis

Why is it important to understand nail disorders and diseases?

You must be able to identify conditions and determine if they can be treated in the salon.

Which of the following nail disorders shows as. noticeably thin, white nail plate that is more flexible than normal and is usually caused by improper diet, heredity, internal disease, medication, or overfiling with an abrasive?

eggshell nail

Which of the following diseases is associated with rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause an infection, and in early stages is seen as a yellow-green spot?

pseudomonas aeruginosa

The scope of practice for cosmetologists and nail technicians can be found in state cosmetology laws or statutes under ___________________.

Definitions

Which of the following is used to enhance the appearance of an individual?

beauty services

Which nail disorder is associated with significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails caused by increased pigment cells?

Melanonychia

Which nail disorder is associated with visible redness, pain, swelling, broken skin, or pus?

infected finger

What nail disorder is associated with a dramatically increased nail curvature of the free edge, where it might curl in upon itself?

Pincer nail

Which of the following is a nail disease that requires the attention of a physician?

Paronychia

Which of the following nail disorders show signs of depressions running across the width of the nail plate due to a slowing production of matrix cells, which causes the nail plate to grow thinner and is usually the result of serious illness or injury?

Beau's lines

What nail disorder is associated with damage to the capillaries under the nail?

Splinter hemorrhage

Jessica notices that a few toes on her client's feet seem to have a fungal infection. Jessica suggests that the client start a regimen of regular foot soaks as well as using tea tree oil, and that if she does this, she doesn't need to see a podiatrist. Jessica's manager overhears this conversation and is unhappy with Jessica's response. Why?

Cosmetologists should not provide any medical advice.

Which nail disorder is associated with damaged skin around the nail plate that becomes split or torn?

Hangnails

Which of the following nail diseases is associated with fungal infections of the feet, or "athlete's foot"?

tinea pedis

Which of the following nail disorders displays as dark, purplish spots usually due to a small injury to the nail bed?

Bruised nail bed

All of the following are considered reasons that cosmetologists must differentiate between healthy and unhealthy nails EXCEPT:

You must be able to identify conditions that are affected by the weather conditions and humidity

Which of the following is a nail disease associated with bacterial inflammation of the tissues around the nail plate, causing pus, swelling, and redness?

Paronychia

How would you explain to someone why a nail tech might not be able to perform some services that a podiatrist might?

If a procedure is listed under a podiatry license, it is prohibited for anyone licensed under cosmetology.

Which of the following nail disorders shows symptoms of the nail turning a variety of colors, which may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation?

Discolored nail

Nail services are governed under _________________.

Cosmetology

When performing a hand, nail, and skin analysis before a nail service, you need to observe the following EXCEPT:

the cleanliness of the skin

Which nail disorder is associated with whitish spots of discoloration of the nails and is usually caused by minor injury to the nail matrix?

Leukonychia

Which of the following nail diseases is associated with fungal infections of the feet, or "athlete's foot"?

tinea pedis