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nation state
autonomous political community held together by citizenship and nationality
nation
a group of people who self-identify as belonging to the same group or community, with a strong sense of unity
state
a specific form of political entity that meets four criteria: a defined territory, a permanent population, a functioning and effective government, and recognition by other nation states
globalisation
the process by which nation states and their citizens become more closely interconnected, challenging the nation state as the principal actor in international relations
interconnectedness
mutual reliance of two or more groups
global governance
a broad and complex process of decision-making at a global level
non-state actors
participants in international relations with significant power and influence that are not states
non-governmental organisations
non-profit-seeking bodies which seek to influence global politics, aiming to advance economic, social, and political causes that empower individuals and communities
economic globalisation
the process through which national economies become more closely connected and reliant on each other through free trade (economic liberalism) and capital investment
political globalisation
the establishment of intergovernmental organisations like the UN which enable nation states to work together and with non-state actors to resolve collective dilemmas
cultural globalisation
the ‘flattening out’ of differences in culture between countries
homogenisation (monoculture)
the coming together of global cultures and development of a single homogeneous culture without diversity or dissension
international law
law which governs the relationship between nation states; nation states are expected to obey international law even if it conflicts with their national interests
soft power
the ability to attract and co-opt and to shape the preferences of others through appeal and attraction
