COS 118 chapter 1-4 review

What social role did braid patterns and hairstyles play in many ancient African tribes?

Braid patterns and hairstyles were used to indicate a person‘s tribe, marital status, and religion.

Why did women in ancient Rome color their hair?

They colored their hair to indicate their social class.

In the Zhou dynasty of ancient China, commoners could be punished with death if caught using what cosmetic coloring technique?

Tinting their nails, gold, or silver, which were the royal colors

What innovation in beauty did the Persian alchemist Avicenna introduce around 1000 CE?

The steam distillation process for refining essential oils

During the reign of Queen Marie Antoinette of France and the age of extravagance (1755 to 1793), what beauty fashion was popular?

Giant pompadour wigs and scented face powders

Which innovation in beauty technology originated in the Victorian era?

The curling iron

In the earliest 20th century, Garrett Augustus Morgan created a chemical solution that made Wall Streetinventing the first _____.

Chemical hair relaxer

After it was organized in the 1920s, the associated Master Barbers and Beauticians of America(AMBBA) ____.

Established the National Education Council and the Barber Code of Ethics

In the 20th century, the new motion picture industry inspired all of the following advances EXCEPT ____.

The Gibson Girls’ tiny waists and bouffant hairstyles for women

In the 20th century, which beauty trend did celebrity Farrah Fawcett inspire?

Long, layered hairstyles

What was David Beckham‘s impact on cosmetology trends in the early 21st century?

David Beckham inspired men to embrace a more body conscious style.

Which of the following is an example of using knowledge about cosmetology’s history to understand a beauty trend?

Reinventing a classic style with a modern look, such as brighter hair coloring.

The term cosmetology comes from the ____ word, Kosmetikos, meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics.

Greek

Which Polish immigrant Americanized his name in 1908 and moved to Los Angeles, where he began making and selling make up?

Max Factor

____, The child of former slaves, was a pioneer in the modern African-American hair care and cosmetics industry.

Francois Marcel

In 1985, a hairdresser, ____ , led by his passion for his craft and environment, revolutionized the beauty industry by inventing the world‘s first ammonia, free hair color.

Farouk Shami

Cosmetologists may choose to specialize in work in a specific type of facility. Which facility would be least appropriate for a specialist?

Massage clinic

Why should cosmetologist have an understanding of anatomy and physiology?

Common cosmetology procedures can rely on an understanding of human anatomy

What happens during mitosis?

A cell reproduces by dividing into two identical cells.

Which type of tissue bonds and supports other body tissue?

Connective tissue

How does epithelial tissue function in the body?

Epithelial tissue provides a covering that protects the body

What is the function of the integumentary system?

The integumentary system coordinates all other body systems, allowing them to work efficiently and react to the environment

Identify the body system that controls the movement of blood throughout the body.

Circulatory system

A cosmetologist is designing a new eye make up style for a client. Which bones will affect the appearance of eye makeup that is applied?

The zygomatic bones and the lacrimal bones

Which of these scenarios of a possible cosmetology task is a situation in which a cosmetologist needs knowledge of the metacarpus and the phalanges

A cosmetologist is messaging a client’s hands during a manicure service.

What is the function of the cervical vertebrae?

To give support and structure to the neck

The part of the skeletal system that connects the sternum and the scapula is the ____.

Clavicle

Which of these sets of bones is found in the arms and hands?

Phalanges, metacarpus, and radius

The bone that is the larger of two leg bones below the knee and that supports most of the body’s weight is the ____.

Tibia

What are the seven bones in the ankle area collectively called?

The tarsals

A cosmetologist is performing a hand massage during a manicure service. Which scenario best describes a correct approach?

When massaging the opponents, pressure is directed from the muscles insertion to the origin.

How are opponens muscles similar to abductor hallucis muscles?

Th opponens and the abductor hallucis move the thumb and the big toe in relation to the other digits.

A cosmetologist is performing a foot massage during a pedicure service. On which muscles will the cosmetologist be directing pressure?

The flexor digitorum brevis and the flexor digiti minimi

What muscle action is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and controls body functions such as breathing and digestion?

Involuntary muscles

The levator palpebrae superioris and the levator anguli oris are the muscles of the ___.

Face, nose, and mouth

Distinguish between the soleus and the tibialis anterior.

The soleus bends the foot down, and the tibialis anterior bends the foot up.

Which muscles do people use when they straighten their wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line?

Extensors

Which description best defines a motor nerve?

Motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands.

The decision of the nervous system that controls voluntary muscle actions is the ___.

Central nervous system

During an initial manicure consultation, a cosmetologist learns that a client is being treated by a healthcare provider for a condition that limits the ability of the nervous system to process sensory information. Which of the following is an example of a way the cosmetologist might change the planned services in response to this information?

The cosmetologist should be careful with hot water to avoid accidentally burning the client.

How do veins function in the circulatory system?

Veins carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.

Each of the following is a blood vessel EXCEPT ___.

Arteries

Which of the body’s systems functions to remove waste material from the body cells to the blood?

lymphatic system

Identify a functioning of the lymphatic system.

Defend the body against toxins and bacteria, and remove by-products of infection, such as pus and dead tissue.

Choose the body system that functions to regulate the body’s temperature.

Integumentary system

A cosmetologist is discussing possible treatments for dry scalp with a client. In order to make informed decisions about scalp treatments, which body system should the cosmetologist understand?

Integumentary system

Which of the following best describes a functioning of the integumentary system?

Protect the body against outside elements, such as germs, chemicals, and exposure to the sun.

Which body system is compromised of the skin and it’s accessory organs?

integumentary system

Select the body ststem that includes the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.

endocrine system

After an initial consultation with a new, middle aged client, a cosmetologist learns that the client had noticed thinning hair has been improving. When asked if there is anything different in the clients routine, the client indicates recently starting estrogen hormone replacement therapy. In order to understand whether these two situations may be connected, which body ststem should the cosmetologist be knowledgeable about?

Endocrine system

A collection of similar cells that perform a function is called a(n) ___.

tissue

The inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached at the wrist and located on the side of the little finger, is the ___.

Ulna

The middle part of the muscle is called the ___.

belly

The muscles that turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward are the ___.

pronators

Which of the following is part of the lymphatic system?

thymus gland

The word integument means ___.

Natural covering

Which layer of the epidermis forms unique fingerprints and footprints and is only located on the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, and the digits?

Stratum lucidum

What gives the body smoothness and contour while providing a protective cushion for the skin?

Subcutaneous tissue

Nerve fibers that send messages to the central nervous system and brain to react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain are called ____.

Sensory nerve fibers

Which nerve fibers in the skin stimulate muscles?

Motor nerve fibers

Which sentence best describes melanin?

These tiny grains of pigment are produc e by melanocytes in the stratus germinativum

Which sentence best describes the difference in the functions of pheomelanin and eumelanin in the skin?

A person with predominantly pheomelanin tends to have rosy skin, whereas a person with predominately eumelanin tends to have cooler skin tones.

Which response describes a cause of wrinkles or sagging skin?

Collagen fibers lose their strength due to exposure to UV light

Which two structures give the skin strength, form, and flexibility?

Collagen and elastin

Which is a reasonable prediction of an outcome for a client who does not use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with sun protection factor(SPF) of 15 or higher?

Collagen and elastin fibers will weaken, and the clients skin will age prematurely.

Wanda’s skin has recently been experiencing a significant amount of new wrinkles. What could explain these new wrinkles?

Wanda has recently been working at an outdoor job that requires frequent exposure to very cold temperatures, which weakens collagen fibers.

Lately, a client has noticed body sweat much more than typical in the past. Which situation could explain this increased perspiration?

The client is taking a new prescription drug.

All of the following describe a defense mechanism the skin uses to protect the body EXCEPT:

Hair follicles pull bacteria from the surface of the skin

Which example illustrates the skins heat regulation function?

Sudoriferous glands excrete perspiration.

The medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin, it’s functions, and diseases is ____.

Dermatology

What is a fibrous protein that is the principal component of hair and nails?

Keratin

The melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color is ___.

Pheomelanin

All of the following are skin functions EXCEPT ___.

Add necessary body weight to maintain good health

Water is the number one nutrient of the body and composes what percent of the body’s skin?

50-70%

What standard should be used to determine when to treat a skin condition?

When in doubt, refer the client to a healthcare provider.

All of the following are examples of secondary lesions EXCEPT ____.

Macules

How is an ulcer an example of a secondary lesion?

An ulcer is an open lesion that may weep fluid or pus.

All of the following are examples of the sudiferous glands EXCEPT ___.

Acne vulgaris

Contrast the treatment you would recommend to a fluent for anhidrosis versus the treatment for bromhidrosis

Anhidrosis can be life threatening and should be referred to a medical professional, whereas bromhidrosis only requires a medical referral in severe cases.

What is the name given to the chronic skin disease characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching?

Eczema

What is impedigo?

A contagious bacterial skin infection caused by staphylococcus bacteria and characterized by weeping lesions

Select the most appropriate response for when a cosmetologist has a client with an eye infection that covers the whites of the eye and the eye is covered with a crusty substance.

Decline to service clients, and suggest they seek medical advice without speculating as to what is causing the eye condition.

Which skin hypertrophy is characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales?

Psoriasis

Which description best matches a keratoma?

A superficial, thickened patch of epidermis

Which skin pigmentation change is a hormonal disorder that appears during pregnancy or with the use of birth control pills?

Melasma

How is nevus like vitiligo?

Nevus and vitiligo are both skin pigment disorders.

All of the following contribute to acne development EXCEPT ____.

Propoinibacterium acne (P. acne’s) on the surface of the skin

The following are all treatments for mild forms of acne EXCEPT ____.

Harsh facial cleansers that remove the buildup of sebum

All of the following are examples of extrinsic factors that influence skin aging EXCEPT ___.

Gravity

What is one way that sun exposure negatively affects the skin?

The natural weakening of collagen and elastin fibers happens at a much faster rate.

All of the following can affect the amount of time that a sunscreen offers protection to the skin EXCEPT ____.

Overuse of alcoholic beverages

Which type of skin cancer is characterized by scaly red or pink papules or nodules?

Squamous cell carcinoma

Which type of skin cancer has a 5-year survival rate of 66 percent once the cancer reaches the lymph nodes?

Malignant melanoma

The following are all changes that occur over time in existing moles and could be indications that the mole is cancerous EXCEPT ____.

Large, dark hairs grow out of the mole.

All of the following are recommended to help cosmetologists prevent contact dermatitis EXCEPT:

Sensitize the skin to the irritant by exposing it to larger and larger amounts.

A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus is a ____.

Papule

_____ refers to a skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.

Excoriation

_____ are keratin-filled cysts that are usually associated with newborns and are commonly found around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead.

Milia

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness is called ____.

Seborrheic dermatitis