Unit 1 Summer Test

Saturated fatty acid

• solid

• Common in plants

• Contributes to heart disease

• Way more hydrogen than unsaturated

Unsaturated fatty acid

• liquid at room temp

• Double bonds in carbon chains

• Less hydrogen

Structure of steroid

Synapse of impulses traveling (nerve)

Carboxyl group

COOH in organic acid

Can amino groups make an organic molecule less acidic

Yes

what constitutes an organism as being successful in evolutionary terms?

a particular species survives only a short period of time but leaves offspring that reproduce

What is natural selection

The process by which an organism that are better suited to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

Are chloroplasts part of the endomembrane system

No

Are DNA, starch, chitin, and cellulose polymers?

Yes

-polymers are linked with monomers

Lipids

• fats

• -macromolecule

• Not soluble in water

Smooth ER function

Detoxification of poison and drugs

Lysosome function

Breakdown ingested substances

Hypotonic solutions

• water moves into cell

• Results in swelling

Hypertonic solutions

• solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell, cell loses water

• Cell bursts/shrinks

Isotonic solution

There is equilibrium

Nucleotide composed of:

Nitrogen base (ATGC), phosphate group, and a Penrose sugar

What are plant walls composed of

Cellulose

How do amino acids differ from each other

Side chains (r groups) attached to a carbon

Cell membranes

• major structural component in phospholids and proteins

• Small and hydrophobic molecules easily pass through

• Water passes through aquaporins within

• Proton pumps increase electrochemical gradient across membrane

What are the 4 elements that make up 96% of the body

Oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen

What is the pH when the concentration of H+ ions and OH- ions in the water r in equilibrium

7 (pure)

What are two functional groups always found in amino acids

Carboxyl and amino

What can form polymers by dehydration reactions

Hydroxyl and Carboxyl groups

What assembles polymers

Dehydration reactions

Hydrolysis

Breaks down polymers by adding water

What is required when binding two amino acid molecules to make lg molecule

Release of water molecule

What are made from subunits by dehydration reactions

Proteins and polysaccharides and triglycerides

Ex. Of disaccharide

Lactose

Ex. Of monosaccharide

Fructose and carbs