L3 microbes

Are humans capable of surviving without microbes?

Humans are capable of surviving without microbes inside/on their bodies

What are the conditions that are met when we don’t have microbes?

Such conditions can lead to disorders such as malnutrition, and misbalances in immune systems response

Mice that were experimentally grown in sterile conditions (called “germ-free” or gnotobiotic mice) needed to eat about 30% more food to
maintain the same weight as normally housed animals

Majority of microbes

Vast majority of microbial members that live with us are commensals and mutualists – have mostly positive effect on our health

minority of microbes

are pathogens – usually are transient members, colonize vulnerable host to use its resources and proliferate in numbers

highly pathogens don’t often spread as they are killing the host. not being able to spread

Microbes and immunity

They don’t make the immunity better on their own, they produce signals and communicate certain things to give awareness to the immune system.

for example a microbe that signals the immune system to make more of a anti microbial peptides

micrbioes in gut

they break down complex carbs

fat and proteins are also possible, but we have our enymes already that do that.

EHEC infection

we get infected bc we have the receptors on our cells while cows do not

they go in the colon and start spreading

20 different genes develop TTTS

true