Foner Ch. 22 Timeline

What event marked Japan's invasion of Manchuria?

In 1931, Japan's army seized Manchuria to secure raw materials and expand its empire.

What was the U.S. response to the Soviet Union in 1933?

Franklin D. Roosevelt formally recognized the USSR to open trade and strengthen U.S. diplomacy.

What were the Neutrality Acts passed by Congress from 1935 to 1939?

A series of laws aimed at keeping the U.S. out of foreign wars, banning arms sales and loans to belligerents.

What significant event began the Sino-Japanese War in 1937?

Japan launched a full-scale invasion of China after the Marco Polo Bridge incident.

What was the Munich Agreement of 1938?

An agreement where Britain and France appeased Hitler by allowing Germany to annex the Sudetenland.

What triggered the start of WWII in 1939?

Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, leading Britain and France to declare war on Germany.

What was established by the Selective Training and Service Act in 1940?

The first peacetime draft in U.S. history, indicating growing preparation for possible global conflict.

What were the Four Freedoms outlined by FDR in 1941?

Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.

What did Henry Luce advocate for in 1941?

He called for the U.S. to embrace its global leadership role after the war.

What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Act in 1941?

To authorize the U.S. to supply weapons and aid to nations fighting Axis powers.

What did Executive Order 8802 accomplish in 1941?

It banned racial discrimination in defense industries and government jobs.

What was the Atlantic Charter established in 1941?

A joint declaration by FDR and Churchill outlining Allied goals for postwar peace and self-determination.

What happened during the Pearl Harbor attack on December 7, 1941?

Japan launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base, leading to over 2,400 American deaths and U.S. entry into WWII.

What was the significance of Executive Order 9066 in 1942?

It authorized the internment of about 120,000 Japanese Americans, later recognized as a civil rights violation.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Midway in 1942?

The U.S. Navy destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers, turning the tide of war in the Pacific.

What were the Zoot Suit Riots in 1943?

Racially charged attacks in Los Angeles where white servicemen assaulted Mexican American youths.

What did the Supreme Court decide in Smith v. Allwright (1944)?

It banned the 'white primary,' allowing Black voters to participate in Democratic primaries in the South.

What was the significance of D-Day on June 6, 1944?

The Allied invasion of Normandy opened the Western Front in Europe and marked the beginning of Germany's downfall.

What did the GI Bill of Rights provide for veterans in 1944?

Education, housing, and business loans, helping to create the postwar middle class.

What was established at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944?

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank, with the U.S. dollar as the global currency anchor.

What was the outcome of Korematsu v. United States in 1944?

The Supreme Court upheld the internment of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity, a ruling later condemned.

What was agreed upon at the Yalta Conference in February 1945?

To divide Germany into occupation zones and hold free elections in Eastern Europe, a promise later broken by the USSR.

What event is marked by V-E Day on May 8, 1945?

Germany's unconditional surrender, marking the end of the war in Europe.

What controversial action did the U.S. take against Japan in August 1945?

Dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing over 100,000 civilians.

When did Japan formally surrender, marking the end of WWII?

On September 2, 1945, aboard the USS Missouri.