"anatomy study guide help" -juyun

what covers surfaces, and lines cavities

the Epithelial tissue

what are some examples of Epithelial tissue?

Skin epidermis, lining of GI tract, alveoli

what supports, binds, protects

Connective tissue

some examples of connective tissue include

Bone, blood, cartilage, adipose, tendons, ligaments

what contracts to produce movement

Muscle tissue

some exampless of muscle tissue include

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

what conducts electrical impulses

Nervous tissue

some examples of Nervous tissue

Neurons, neuroglia

these features are apart of what skin layer......Stratified squamous epithelium; avascular; contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells

the Epidermis (outermost)

these features are apart of what skin layer.....Papillary layer (loose CT) & Reticular layer (dense irregular CT); contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles

the Dermis

these features are apart of what skin layer.....Adipose & loose CT; insulation & cushioning

the Hypodermis (Subcutaneous)

which skin pigment is...Produced by melanocytes; brown/black; protects from UV

Melanin

which skin pigment is...Yellow-orange; from diet; accumulates in stratum corneum

Carotene

which skin pigment is...Red-pink; in blood vessels of dermis

Hemoglobin

how much percent do each of these take up in the rule of nines?

Rule of Nines: Head & neck

Rule of Nines: Each arm

Rule of Nines: Anterior trunk

Rule of Nines: Posterior trunk

Rule of Nines: Each leg

Rule of Nines: Genitalia/Perineum

TOTAL= 100%

9%

9%

18%

18%

18%

1%

a first degree burn damages...

epidermis only

Red, painful, dry, no blisters; sunburn are from what type of burn

first degree

second degree burns damage the...

Epidermis & dermis

what type of burn causes Blisters, severe pain, swelling

Second degree

what type of burn is like this!?? White/charred, painless (nerve damage), requires grafting

3rd degree

what does a third degree burn effect?

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous

what degree burn is like this?? Blackened, charred; no sensation; life-threatening; may require amputation

fourth!!

what does a 4th degree burn extend to?

Extends into muscle, bone, or deeper tissue

these are classified as long bones

Femur, humerus, phalanges

these are classified as short bones

Carpals, tarsals

these are classified as flat bones

Skull, sternum, ribs, scapula

these are classified as irregular bones

Vertebrae, hip bones

this is classified as a Sesamoid bone

Patella

function of Osteogenic (Osteoprogenitor) cells

Stem cells that divide and become osteoblasts

function of Osteoblasts

to Build bone matrix (bone formation)

function of Osteocytes

Mature bone cells; to maintain bone tissue

function of Osteoclasts

to Break down bone (resorption); multinucleated

when Flat bones form directly from mesenchymal connective tissue (skull bones) it is called

Intramembranous

Most bones; hyaline cartilage model is replaced by bone (long bones) is referred to as

Endochondral

this type of joint is immoveable

Fibrous (synarthroses)

examples of Fibrous (synarthroses)

Sutures of skull, teeth in sockets

this type of joint is Slightly movable

Cartilaginous (amphiarthroses)

Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs are examples of which joint

Cartilaginous (amphiarthroses)

this type of joint is freely moveable

Synovial (diarthroses)

these examples are examples of which joint: Knee, shoulder, hip, elbow

Synovial (diarthroses)

Synovial Fluid is found in...??

synovial joint cavities

function of synovial fluid

Lubricates articular cartilage, reduces friction, absorbs shock, nourishes cartilage

function of Dendrites

Receive signals from other neurons

function of the Cell body (Soma)

Contains nucleus; metabolic center

this is the function of what part?..."Transmits signal away from cell body"

the Axon

what is the function of Axon terminals

Release neurotransmitters

what is the function of Myelin sheath

Insulates axon; speeds conduction

what is the function of Nodes of Ranvier

Gaps in myelin; saltatory conduction

this is a key function of which region?.....Higher thought, sensory processing, voluntary movement

Cerebrum

this is a key function of which region?.....Decision making, personality, motor cortex, Broca's area

Frontal lobe

this is a key function of which region?.....Sensory processing, spatial awareness

Parietal lobe

this is a key function of which region?.....Hearing, memory, Wernicke's area

Temporal lobe

this is a key function of which region?.....Vision

Occipital lobe

this is a key function of which region?.....Coordination, balance, fine motor control

Cerebellum

this is a key function of which region?.....Medulla (vital functions), Pons (breathing, sleep), Midbrain

Brain stem

this is a key function of which region?.....Thalamus (sensory relay), Hypothalamus (homeostasis, hormones)

Diencephalon

this is a key function of which region?.....Emotion, memory (hippocampus, amygdala)

Limbic system

a Thick band of white matter connecting the two cerebral hemispheres is the

Corpus Callosum

the role of the corpus callosum is...

to allow communication and information transfer between left and right hemispheres; integrates motor, sensory, and cognitive signals

Location of Broca's Area

Frontal lobe, usually left hemisphere

Responsibility of Broca's Area

Speech production and articulation

damage of Broca's Area

expressive (non-fluent) aphasia: understands language but cannot speak fluently

Dura mater of Meninges (Order from outermost to innermost)

Arachnoid mater of Meninges (Order from outermost to innermost)

middle, web-like

Pia mater of Meninges (Order from outermost to innermost)

adheres to brain / spinal cord, delicate

role of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Cushions brain & spinal cord, removes waste, delivers nutrients, maintains buoyancy.......Produced by choroid plexus in ventricles

in the Outermost Covering of a Nerve what is the...dense connective tissue surrounding entire nerve

Epineurium

in the outermost covering of the nerve what is the part that surrounds fascicles

Perineurium

in the outermost covering of the nerve what is the part that surrounds individual axons

Endoneurium