18 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

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15 Terms

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gamete

haploid

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zygote

a cell formed by combination of two gametes

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meiosis

cell division that results in haploid

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diploid

two sets of chromosomes (2n)

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homologous chromosomes

same genes in the same location

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meiosis I

meiotic cell division one; reduction division

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meiosis II

meiotic cell division two: sister chromatids are separated + four haploid cells.

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genetic recombination

exchange of genetic material between chromosomes of two DIFFERENT individuals

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independent assortment

assort into gametes

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random fertilization

the concept that gametes unite independent of their genetic makeup

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sister chromatid

one of the two identical copies that makes up half of a duplicated chromosome

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synapsis

formation of a close association between homologous chromosomes

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crossing over

exchange of genetic material between HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes

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interkinesis

(also, interphase II) brief period of rest between meiosis I and meiosis II

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nondisjunction

homologous chromosome pairs or sister chromatids FAIL to SEPARATE during meiosis