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Blood
Only fluid tissue in the body.
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells that transport oxygen.
Leukocytes
White blood cells involved in immune response.
Platelets
Cell fragments that aid in clotting.
Blood Plasma
Liquid component containing water and solutes.
Oxygen Transport
Carried by hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Hemoglobin
Protein that binds oxygen in erythrocytes.
Erythropoiesis
Production of red blood cells from stem cells.
Reticulocyte
Immature red blood cell released into circulation.
Anemia
Reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood.
Polycythemia
Increased number of red blood cells.
Hematopoiesis
Production of all formed blood elements.
Erythropoietin
Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.
Thrombopoietin
Hormone regulating platelet formation.
Fibrinolytic System
Process that breaks down blood clots.
Anticoagulants
Substances that prevent blood clotting.
Hemostasis
Process to stop bleeding through clot formation.
Vascular Spasms
Vasoconstriction in response to vessel damage.
Platelet Plug
Temporary blockage formed by activated platelets.
Coagulation
Conversion of blood into a gel-like state.
Intrinsic Pathway
Clotting pathway activated by damage to vessel.
Extrinsic Pathway
Clotting pathway activated by tissue factor.
Prothrombin Activator
Key enzyme in the coagulation process.
Fibrinogen
Soluble plasma protein converted to fibrin.
Fibrin
Insoluble protein forming the mesh of a clot.
Collagen
Protein exposed during vessel injury, triggering clotting.
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter that enhances vascular spasm.
ADP
Platelet product that promotes aggregation.
Carbaminohemoglobin
Formed when CO2 binds to hemoglobin.
Biconcave Shape
Shape of erythrocytes optimizing surface area.
Blood Viscosity
Thickness of blood influenced by red blood cells.
Normal Blood Volume
5-6 L in males, 4-5 L in females.
pH of Blood
Normal range is 7.35-7.45.
Iron Requirements
Essential for hemoglobin synthesis in erythropoiesis.
Vitamin B12
Necessary for DNA synthesis in red blood cells.
Folic Acid
Vitamin required for red blood cell production.
