Colonial Latin America: The Era of the Carolina Reforms

These flashcards include key vocabulary and concepts related to the transformative period of colonial Latin America as discussed in the lecture notes.

Reform

An action or improvement aimed at correcting a system or practice.

Rebellion

The refusal to accept the status quo, typically involving resistance against authority.

Revolution

An explosion of discontent leading to radical change in governance or societal structure.

Carolina Reforms

Spain's attempts to maintain control and improve efficiency in its colonies during crises.

Viceroyalty of New Spain

The primary seat of Spanish power in the Americas, located in Mexico City.

Viceroyalty of Peru

A major administrative division of the Spanish Empire, centered in Lima.

Creole

A person of European descent born in the Americas, often seeking greater autonomy or power.

Pombaline Reforms

Eighteenth-century reforms in Portuguese Brazil aimed at modernization and addressing colonial issues.

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority that influenced revolutionary ideologies.

Tupac Amaru II

An indigenous leader who led a significant rebellion against Spanish colonial rule in Peru.

Comuneros

Members of a significant revolt in the Spanish colonies, particularly in the Viceroyalty of New Granada.

Tiradentes

A prominent figure in the Brazilian independence movement who was executed for his role in the Inconfidência Mineira.

Cabildo

A local governing council in Spanish colonial jurisdictions.

Manumission

The act of freeing a slave by their owner.

Expulsion of the Jesuits

The removal of Jesuit priests from Spanish and Portuguese territories, impacting education and influence.

Peace of Paris

A series of treaties that ended the Seven Years' War, altering colonial holdings in the Americas.

Bourbon Kings

The royal family in Spain during the era of reform, which sought to centralize and strengthen control over the colonies.

Nationalism

A patriotic feeling, principle, or efforts aimed at promoting national identity and self-governance.