science g10 1

Hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere

three spheres of the earth

crust

very thin layer of solid, thinnest layer

plates

the crust of the earth is broken into many pieces called ___, they also cause earthquakes when these ___ move.

continental crust

Thicker layer of the earths crust, its thick but less dense and 35km thick

oceanic crust

Thinner layer of the crust, under the ocean basin, denser and heavier and 7km thick only

Lithosphere 100km

composed of the crust and upper mantle, state how many km.

mohorovicic discontinuity

The boundary between the crust and the mantle

convection current

driven by heat from the core, magma rises cools and sinks to create a cycle.

continental drift, earthquakes and volcanic activity

The convection current drives plate tectonics which cause ___

asthenosphere

Made of molten rock and metal, so it flows like hot asphalt and is inside the upper mantle that moves and causes tectonic plates to move

Mantle, 2900km

largest layer of the earth, around ___ thick. it very flexible and flows like a viscous liquid.

1600f - 4000f

heat of the mantle

gutenberg discontinutity

boundary between the mantle and the core, found 2900km below the earths surfafce which checks out

Core

like a ball off very hot metal.

2200km, 4000c - 5500c

Outer core’s thickness and heat

1220km, 5400c - 5500c

inner core’s thickness and heat

convergent, divergent, transform

three plate boundaries

convergent

When plates move toards eachtoher, earthquakes and volcanoes happen.

subduction

In Convergent boundaries, one of the two plates is descending beneath the other. This process is called

Oceanic to Oceanic

an older plate is colder so its less bouyant so it subducts under the more younger, hotter and bouyant plate. deep oceanic trenches happen

oceanic to continental

the denser water subducts under the less dense land plate which causes a deep ocean trench and a line of volcanoes

continental to continental

no subduction happens since theyre both light and like two colliding icebergs they resist downawrd motions and just slam into eachother forming mountains and mountain ranges

divergent

occur when two tectonic plates move away from each other.

new crust

When two lithospheric plates are spread apart, it is common for _____ to form as molten material rises to the surface. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is formed in this process.

transform

grind past each other without going up or down. capable of triggering devastating earthquakes. A famous example is the San Andreas Fault in California.