Bio semester 1 Final

studied byStudied by 6 people
5.0(2)
Get a hint
Hint

Biology:

1 / 145

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Biology

10th

146 Terms

1

Biology:

Study of living things

New cards
2

Cell:

Basic unit of all forms of life

New cards
3

Properties of life: Homeostasis

-The maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions even though environmental conditions are constantly changing

New cards
4

Levels of Organization: Atom

Basic unit of matter

New cards
5

Levels of Organization: Molecules

Groups of atoms

New cards
6

Levels of Organization: Cells

Basic unit of living things

New cards
7

Levels of Organization: Tissue

Groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function

New cards
8

Levels of Organization: Organ

A collection of tissues that work together

New cards
9

Levels of Organization: Organ System

A collection of organs working together

New cards
10

Levels of Organization: Organism

Collection of organ systems(Individual living thing)

New cards
11

Levels of Organization: Population

Group of similar organisms living in the same place

New cards
12

Levels of Organization: Community

All of the populations in a specific area

New cards
13

Levels of Organization: Ecosystem

The collection of all of the communities and non-living things(air, dirt, and water) in an area

New cards
14

Levels of Organization: Biosphere

Part of earth that contains all ecosystems

New cards
15

Homeostasis

relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

New cards
16

Steps of Scientific Method

Step 1: Ask a question

New cards
17

Step 2: Do background research

New cards
18

Step 3: Construct a hypothesis

New cards
19

Step 4: Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment

New cards
20

Step 5: Analyze the data and draw a conclusion

New cards
21

What is a Hypothesis?

Possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question, If, Then statement

New cards
22

Variable

Independent: factor in a controlled experiment that is deliberately changed; also called manipulated variable

New cards
23

New cards
24

Dependent: variable that is observed and that changes in response to the independent variable; also called the responding variable

New cards
25

Controlled Experiment

experiment in which only one variable is changed

New cards
26

Factors that would reduce competition within a species

New cards
27

Symbiotic Relationship:

Relationship in which two species live close together

New cards
28

3 Types of Symbiosis: Parasitism

One organism lives off another organism

New cards
29

One Benefits-One is Harmed

New cards
30

3 Types of Symbiosis: Commensalism

When One organism is harmed and the other does NOT benefit nor is harmed

New cards
31

3 Types of Symbiosis: Mutualism

When BOTH organisms benefit

New cards
32

Niche:

full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions

New cards
33

Habitat:

area where an organism lives including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it

New cards
34

Autotroph:

organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer

New cards
35

Heterotroph:

organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer

New cards
36

Carnivore:

organism that obtains energy by eating animals

New cards
37

Omnivore:

organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals

New cards
38

Decomposer:

organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter

New cards
39

Food Chain:

a series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

New cards
40

Food Web:

network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem

New cards
41

Where does all of our food energy ultimately come from?

Sun

New cards
42

Subatomic Particles: Protons

Positively (+) charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom

New cards
43

Subatomic Particles: Neutrons

Neutral(no charge) particles

New cards
44

Subatomic Particles: Electrons

Negatively (-) charged particles that are located and form an electron cloud around the nucleus

New cards
45

Relationship between atomic number, mass number, and numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons

Atomic Number = Protons

New cards
46

Protons = Electrons

New cards
47

Protons + Neutrons = Mass Number

New cards
48

Mass Number - Protons = Neutrons

New cards
49

Mass Number - Neutrons = Protons

New cards
50

Ionic vs Covalent bonds

Ionic- Electrons are transferred

New cards
51

Covalent- Electrons are shared(Single bond=Sharing of 2 electrons, Double bond=Sharing of 4 electrons, triple bond=Sharing of 6 electrons)

New cards
52

Parts of Cell Theory

The cell is the smallest living unit in all organisms

New cards
53

All living things are made of cells

New cards
54

All cells come from preexisting cells

New cards
55

Difference between Prokaryote and Eukaryote

Prokaryote: No nucleus

New cards
56

Eukaryote: Has Nucleus

New cards
57

Functions of the nucleus

Control center of cell, holds genetic material(DNA), and contains the information needed to make proteins

New cards
58

Mitochondria

Provides most of energy needed for a cell, converts glucose to ATP

New cards
59

Cytoplasm

Is where cell expansion as well as growth and replication are carried out

New cards
60

Also holds Nucleus, Organelles(perform specialized functions), and the Cytoskeleton(gives shape and support, Anchor's organelles, and allows some cells to move)

New cards
61

Chloroplasts

They convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis

New cards
62

Golgi Apparatus

Prepares large molecules for storage in the cell or for secretion out of the cell

New cards
63

Ribosome

Makes proteins out of amino acids

New cards
64

Cell Membrane

Separates the cell's contents from it's environment

New cards
65

Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)

An extensive network of membranes that produce materials for the cell

New cards
66

New cards
67

With Ribosome attached(Rough ER): Helps synthesize proteins and manufacture new cell membranes

New cards
68

New cards
69

Without Ribosomes attached(Smooth ER): Makes lipids, processes carbohydrates, and modifies chemical toxic to the cell

New cards
70

Differences between plant and animal cells

Plants have a chloroplast, cell wall, and vacuole

New cards
71

Parts of a Solution

Solute: the substance that dissolves in a solvent

New cards
72

Solvent: the substance in which a solute dissolves

New cards
73

Ex: Kool-Aid powder(Solute) is put into water(solvent) and then makes Kool-Aid(Solution)

New cards
74

Process of Diffusion

Movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; Once the concentrate is evenly distributed, Equilibrium is reached

New cards
75

Process of Osmosis

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

New cards
76

Hypertonic: High solute concentration

New cards
77

Hypotonic: Low solute concentration

New cards
78

Isotonic: Equal concentrations of solute

New cards
79

Structure of DNA

"twisted ladder" made of nucleotides

New cards
80

DNA replication

Process by which DNA is replicated

New cards
81

1 step: DNA unzips(Enzymes split apart and unwind the DNA double helix)

New cards
82

2 step: Bases Pair Up(Free nucleotides in the cell find their complementary bases along the new strands with the help of DNA polymerase)

New cards
83

3 step: Backbone bonds(The sugar-phosphate backbone is assembled to complete the DNA strand)

New cards
84

2 new double helixes are formed--1 strand of old and one of new DNA

New cards
85

Write the complementary strand for this DNA strand: C-G, A-T

New cards
86

AGTCGTCGATCGAT

TCAGCAGCTAGCTA

New cards
87

Codon

Three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

New cards
88

Ex: CUU, CUA, UGA, UAA, UAG

New cards
89

Process of Translation

3 Steps:

New cards
90
  1. Initiation(mRNA attaches to ribosome)

New cards
91
  1. Elongation(lengthening of the amino acid chain(tRNA))

New cards
92
  1. Termination: (ribosome reaches a stop, codon and protein are released)

New cards
93

Process of Protein Synthesis

  1. Transcription: Genetic information from DNA copied to a strand of mRNA. RNA Polymerase unzips DNA and then binds RNA bases to their complementary bases on the DNA strand)

New cards
94
  1. Translation: The code of language located within the nucleic acids is changed into the language of proteins

New cards
95

Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA

DNA RNA

New cards
96

-Double Stranded -Single=Stranded

New cards
97

-Deoxyribose sugar group -Ribose sugar group

New cards
98

-Base Pairs: C-G, A-T -Base Pairs: C-G, A-U

New cards
99

Frame Shift Mutation

The deletion or addition of nucleotides resulting in the disruption of codons

New cards
100

Point Mutation

A change in only one nucleotide; the substitution of one base

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 211 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
4.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 132 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
4.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 26 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
... ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (111)
studied byStudied by 6 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (29)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (26)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (34)
studied byStudied by 15 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (64)
studied byStudied by 37 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (65)
studied byStudied by 697 people
... ago
4.3(15)
flashcards Flashcard (27)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (74)
studied byStudied by 47 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot