Math and Engineering Economics Evaluation Flashcards

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and formulas from mathematics, physics, and engineering economics lecture notes.

Standard acceleration due to gravity (English units)

$$32.2\,\text{fps}^2$$

1 Radian in degrees

$$57.3^\circ$$

4800 mils in degrees

$$270^\circ$$

Specific weight (\gamma)

The weight of a substance per unit volume, calculated as the product of density and gravity ($\gamma = \rho g$).

Specific volume (v)

The reciprocal of density ($v = 1/\rho$), representing volume per unit mass.

Index of expansion (n)

The exponent in a polytropic expansion process, which for the given problem is $1.285$.

Effective rate of interest

The actual rate earned or paid per year after taking compounding frequency into account, calculated as $i_e = (1 + i/m)^m - 1$.

Cash Value

The sum of the down payment and the present value of the remaining balance.

Rate of discount

The ratio of the discount (Face Value - Present Value) to the original face value ($d = (F - P)/F$).

Work

The product of the force and the displacement in the direction of the force ($W = F \cdot \cos(\theta) \cdot x$), where the transcript result was $480\,\text{J}$ for a $200\,\text{lb}$ force at $28^\circ$ moved $2\,\text{ft}$.

Average velocity

The total distance traveled divided by the time elapsed ($V_{\text{Average}} = \Delta S / \Delta t$).

Interior angle of a regular pentagon

The value of each interior angle in a regular five-sided polygon, which is $108^\circ$.

Slope of a curve

The value given by the first derivative of the function at a specific point.

Sum of the roots

For a quadratic equation $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$, it is the value calculated as $-b/a$.

Arithmetic Mean

The sum of a set of numbers divided by the count of numbers in that set.

Root Mean Square (RMS)

An average calculated by taking the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of a set of values.

Acid test ratio

The ratio of current assets, excluding inventory, to the total current liabilities.

Voltage

The energy required to move $1\,\text{Coulomb}$ of charge through an element ($V = dw/dq$).

Fibonacci number

A number sequence where the succeeding term is obtained by adding the last pair of preceding terms.

Trivial solutions

Classification of solutions in an equation where the roots are zero.

Current

In electricity, it is defined as the rate of charge flow.

Kirchhoff’s current law

The principle stating that the algebraic sum of currents entering a node is zero.

Kirchhoff’s voltage law

The principle stating that the algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path or loop is zero.

Siemens

The SI unit of conductance.

Factoring

The process of expressing a polynomial as the product of another polynomial or monomial of lower degree.

Point of inflection

The point where the concavity of a curve changes and the second derivative is zero ($f''(x) = 0$).

Transverse axis

The axis of a hyperbola that passes through the center, the foci, and the vertices.

Irrational number

A number that cannot be expressed as a quotient of two integers.

Scalene triangle

A triangle that has three unequal sides.

Abscissa

The distance of a point from the y-axis.

Mode

The measure of central tendency defined as the most frequent score in a data set.

Mil

A unit of measurement equal to one-thousandth of an inch.

Differential coefficient

Another name for the derivative.

Deka

A prefix denoting a multiple of ten times any physical unit in the SI system.

Ambiguous case

A case in solving plane triangles where the provided data leads to two different solutions.

Convex polygon

A polygon in which each interior angle is less than or equal to $180^\circ$ and all vertices point outwards away from the interior.

Deferred annuity

A series of equal payments occurring at equal intervals of time where the first payment is made after several periods have passed.

Collective bargaining

The negotiation of wage rates and conditions of employment by representatives of labor and management.

Registered bond

A type of bond where the corporation’s owner name is recorded and interest is paid periodically directly to the owners.

Cevian

Any line segment joining a vertex of a triangle to a point on the opposite side.

Initial working capital

The funds needed at the beginning of operations to permit an enterprise to function before receiving sales income.

Translation of axes

Redefining an equation of a curve using new axes that are parallel to and similarly directed as the original axes.

Torus

A ring-shaped surface or solid obtained by rotating a circle about a coplanar line that does not intersect it.

Ellipse eccentricity

A property of a curve where the eccentricity is less than one.

Debenture bond

A type of bond without security except a promise to pay by the issuing corporation.

Feather bidding

A situation where payment is made for work not done or where more workers are used than required for efficient operation.

Discount (Negotiable paper)

The difference between what a negotiable paper is worth in the future and its present worth.

Dew point

The temperature to which air must be cooled at constant pressure to produce saturation.

Dyne

A net force that gives a mass of one gram an acceleration of $1\,\text{cm/s}^2$.

Displacement

A change in position specified by both a length and a direction.

Diffusion

The process of one substance mixing with another because of molecular motion.

Marginal cost

The ratio of a small increment in cost to a small change in output.

Dividend yield

The index that gives the rate earned per share based on the current price per share.

Dodecahedron

A regular polyhedron having $12$ regular pentagonal faces.

Explementary angles

Two angles whose sum is equal to $360^\circ$.

Annuity

A series of uniform amounts over a period of time.

Economic order quantity (EOQ)

The order quantity that minimizes the inventory cost per unit time.

Isomers

Molecules that have the same chemical composition but different atomic arrangements.

Viscoelastic material

A material that exhibits time-dependent elastic strain, such as plastic, rubber, or glass.

Tesla

The unit of measurement for magnetic induction.

Pole pitch

The space on the stator of an electrical machine allocated to one pole.

Salvage value

An estimate of an asset’s net market value at the end of its estimated life.

Depletion

The lessening of the value of an asset due to a decrease in the quantity available, such as coal, oil, or timber.

Escalatory clause

A contract provision that indicates possible adjustments for material and labor costs.

Appraisal

The process of determining the value of certain property for specific reasons.

Consumer goods and services

Products or services used directly by people to satisfy their wants.

Producer goods and services

Goods used to produce consumer goods and services.

Necessity products and services

Goods or services required to support life where purchase quantity remains stable despite price variation.

Monopsony

A market with only one buyer of an item for which there are no good substitutes.

Oxidation

The process in which a substance loses electrons.

Valence electrons

The outer-shell electrons of an atom that affect most of its electrical and thermal properties.

Van der Waals forces

Weak secondary bonds or attractive forces between molecules.

Break even point

The level of output or sales at which income exactly equals operating cost.

Capital recovery

The replacement of the original cost of an investment or the present worth of all depreciation over the economic life.