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Age Distribution

a model used in population geography that describes the ages and number of males and females within a given population; also called a population pyramid

agricltural density

the ratio of farmers per unit of farmland

Agricultural Revolution

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

Arithmetic Density

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

carrying capacity

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

Cencus

the official count of a population

crude birth rate

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

crude death rate

The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people.

Demographic Momentum

the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution

demographic transition

change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

Demography

The scientific study of population characteristics.

dependency ratio

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

doubling time

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Ecumene

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Epidimiologic Transition

Distinctive causes of deaths in each stage of the demographic transition

Epidimiology

study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted within populations

Industrial Revolution

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

infant mortality rate

The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.

life expectancy

A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live

Maladaptation

This is an adaptation that has become less helpful than harmful. This relates to human geography because it has become less and less suitable and more of a problem or hindrance in its own right, as time goes on. Which shows as the world changes so do the things surrounding it

Medical Revolution

the leap of medical knowledge in stage 2 of the demographic transition

mortality

death

Natality

birth rate

Natural Increase Rate

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

Overpopulation

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

Pandemic

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

phsiological density

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

population explosion

The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase

Population Pyramid

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

Pronatalist/Antinatalist

Policies that a government introduces to increase or decrease the fertility rate.

sex ratio

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

standard of living

Quality of life based on ownership of necessities and luxuries that make life easier.

Sustainability

The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained

total fertility rate

The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.

Underpopulation

circumstances of too few people to sufficiently develop the resources of a country or region to improve the level of living of its inhabitants.

zero population growth

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.

asylum seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

Brain Drain

the emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country.

Chain Migration

migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

circulation

Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.

Counterurbanization

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

Emigration

movement of individuals out of an area

Floodplain

The area subject to flooding during a given number of years according to historical trends.

Forced Migration

Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.

Guest Workers

Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern of Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs.

Immigration

Migration to a new location

Internal Migration

Permanent movement within a particular country.

internally displaced person

Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border

International Migration

Permanent movement from one country to another.

Interregional Migration

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.

Interviening obstacle

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

Intraregional Migration

Permanent movement within one region of a country.

island of development

Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure

Migration

Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.

Migration Transition

Change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition.

mobility

All types of movement from one location to another.

net migration

The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.

pull factors

Factors that induce people to move to a new location.

push factors

Factors that induce people to leave old residences.

quotas

In reference to migration, laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

Refugees

People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

Repatriation

A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non-governmental organization.

Undocumented Immigrants

People who enter a country without proper documents.

Voluntary Migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.