Chapter 1 Medical Terminology (Medical Language and Healthcare)

Greek has four rules for forming plurals: -is?

Change -is to -ides

Greek has four rules for forming plurals: -nx?

Change -nx to -nges

Greek has four rules for forming plural: -oma?

Change -oma to -omata

Greek has four rules for forming plurals: -on?

Change on- to -a

Latin has five rules for forming plurals: -a?

Change a- to -ae

Latin has five rules for forming plurals: -us?

Change -us to -i

Latin has five rules for forming plurals: -um?

Change -um to -a

Latin has five rules for forming plurals: -is?

Change -is to -es

Latin has five rules for forming plurals: -ex?

Change -ex to -ices

Medical Meanings: Abdomin/o

Abdomen

Medical Meanings: Arteri/o

Artery

Medical Meanings: Intestin/o

Intestine

Medical Meanings: Muscul/o

Muscle

Medical Meanings: Thyroid/o

Thyroid gland

Medical Meanings: Tonsil/o

Tonsil

Medical Meanings: Ven/o

Vein

Combining Forms: Arthr/o

Joint (arthritis)

Combining Forms: Cardi/o

Heart (cardiac)

Combining Forms: Derm/o

Skin (dermatology)

Combining Forms: Gastr/o

Stomach (gastric)

Combining Forms: Mamm/o

Breast (mammogram)

Combining Forms: Nas/o

Nose (nasal)

Combining Forms: Cost/o

Rib

Combining Forms: Cyan/o

Blue

Combining Forms: Enter/o

Intestine

Combining Forms: Hepat/o

Liver

Combining Forms: Lapar/o

Abdomen

Combining Forms: Leuk/o

Blood

Suffixes for an adjective (pertaining to): -ac?

Cardiac (pertaining to the heart)

Suffixes for an adjective (pertaining to): -al?

intestinal (pertaining to the intestine)

Suffixes for an adjective (pertaining to): -ar?

muscular (pertaining to the muscle)

Suffixes for an adjective (pertaining to): -ary?

Urinary (pertaining to the urine)

Suffixes for an adjective (pertaining to): -ic?

Pelvic (pertaining to pelvis)

Suffixes for an adjective (pertaining to): -ine?

Uterine (pertaining to uterus)

Suffixes for an adjective (pertaining to): -Ive?

Digestive (pertaining to food breakdown)

Suffixes for an adjective (pertaining to): -ous?

Venous (pertaining to vein)

Suffixes for an action: -ation?

process, being, having (ie:urination)

Suffixes for an action: -ion?

Action or condition (ie: digestion)

Suffixes for diseases: -ia?

condition, state, thing (ie: pneumonia) condition of the lung.

Suffixes for diseases: -ism?

Disease from a specific cause (ie:hyperthyroidism) specific cause, deficient through gland.

Suffixes for diseases: -itis?

infection of, inflammation of (ie: tonsillitis) infection of tonsil.

Suffixes for diseases: -megaly?

enlargement, (ie: cardiomegaly) enlargement of the heart.

Suffixes for diseases: -oma?

Mass, tumor, (Ie: Neuroma) tumor on a nerve.

Suffixes for diseases: -osis?

Abnormal condition, (ie:vaginosis) abnormal condition of the vagina.

Suffixes for diseases: -pathy?

disease, (ie: arthopathy) disease of a joint.

Suffix for procedures: -ectomy

Surgical removal, (ie: appendectomy) surgical removal of appendix.

Suffix for procedures: -gram

picture, record, (ie:mammogram) images of breast.

Suffix for procedures: -Graphy

Process of recording, (ie:mammography) recording breast.

Suffix for procedures: -Metry

process of measuring, (ie:spirometry) process of measuring the breath.

Suffix for procedures: -scope

Instrument used to examine, (colonoscope) instrument used to exam colon.

Suffix for procedures: -scopy

Process of using an instrument to examine (ie:colonoscopy) instrument used to examine colon,

Suffix for procedures: -tomy

process of cutting or making an incision, (ie:laparotomy) making an incision in the abdomen.

Medical suffixes for specialties: -iatry

medical treatment, (ie: psychiatry) medical treatment for the mind.

Medical suffixes for specialties: -ics

knowledge, or practice (ie: obstetrics) knowledge and practice of pregnancy or childbirth.

Medical suffixes for specialties: -Ist

someone who specializes in, (ie:therapist) specializes in treatment

Medical suffixes for specialties: -logy

study of, (ie:cardiology) study of the heart

Prefixes for location or direction: epi-

Above, upon, (ie: epidermal) upon the skin

Prefixes for location or direction: inter-

between, (ie:intercostal) between ribs

Prefixes for location or direction: intra-

within, (ie: intravenous) within the vein

Prefixes for location or direction: peri-

around, (ie: pericardial) around the heart

Prefixes for location or direction: Post-

After, behind (ie: postnasal) behind the nose

Prefixes for location or direction: pre-

before, in front of, (ie: prenatal) before birth

Prefixes for location or direction: Sub-

below, under, less than, (ie: subcutaneous) under the skin

Prefixes for location or direction: trans-

accross, through (ie: transvaginal) through the vagina

Prefixes for amount, number, speed: bi-

Two, (ie:bilateral) two sides

Prefixes for amount, number, speed: Brady-

Slow, (ie:bradycardia) slow heart

Prefixes for amount, number, speed: hemi-

one half, (ie:hemiplegia) half the body has paralysis

Prefixes for amount, number, speed: hyper-

above, more than normal (ie:hypertension) more than normal pressure

Prefixes for amount, number, speed: hypo-

Below, deficient (ie:hypothyroidism) deficient in the thyroid gland hormones.

Prefixes for amount, number, speed: poly-

Many, much (ie:polyneuritis) inflammation of many nerves

Prefixes for amount, number, speed: Quadri-

Four, (ie:quadriplegia), condition of four limbs with paralysis.

Prefixes for amount, number, speed: tachy-

Fast, (ie:tachycardia) fast heart

Prefixes for amount, number, speed: tri-

Three, (ie:trigeminal) three nerve branches in a group.

Prefixes for degree or quality: an-

Not, without, (ie: anesthesia) without sensation

Prefixes for degree or quality: anti-

Against, (ie:antibiotic) against organisms such as bacteria

Prefixes for degree or quality: dys-

abnormal, difficult, painful, (ie:Dysphagia) condition of painful eating or swallowing.

Prefixes for degree or quality: re-

again and again, backward, unable to (ie:respiration) process of breathing again and again.

Frontal/Coronal plane:

divides the body into anterior and posterior.

Sagittarius Plane:

Divides the body into left and right sections

Transverse Plane:

Divides the body into superior and inferior sections.

Medial

Towards midline

Lateral

Away from midline

Distal

Away from trunk of body

Proximal

Towards trunk of body

Dermatology

Integumentary system, Dermatologist

gastroentolgy

Gastrointestinal system, Gastroenterologist

pulmonolgy

Respiratory system Pulmonologist

cardiology

Cardiovascular system Cardiologist

hematology

Blood Hematologist

immunology

Immune system Immunologist

orthopedics

Skeletal and muscular

systems

Orthopedist

neurology

Nervous system Neurologist

Urology

Urinary system Urologist

male reproductive medicine

Male genitourinary

system

Male reproductive

specialist

Gynecology

Female reproductive

system

Gynecologist

obstetrics

Pregnancy and

childbirth

Obstetrician

endocrinology

Endocrine system Endocrinologist

Ophthalmology

Eyes, lacrimal glands,

and related structures

Ophthalmologist

otolaryngology

Ears, nose, sinuses,

throat, and larynx

Otolaryngologist

Congenital

Fetal abnormality or

abnormal process during

gestation or birth; conditions

present since birth. Cleft lip; cerebral

palsy