Ch 2 Empire Ch 3 Mahabharat

maghadha imp rulers

Bimbisara, Ajatasattu and Mahapadma Nanda

maghadha old and new capital

Rajagaha (the Prakrit name for presentday Rajgir in Bihar) later Patliputra

First gold coins:

Kushan Empire, especially under the rule of King Kanishka

Spectacular gold coins:

Gupta Empire, particularly during the reign of Chandragupta II and Kumaragupta I

Punch-marked coins of silver:

Yaudheya rulers

Copper coins:

Maurya Empire, under the rule of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya

james princep deciphered- in -

ashokan brahmi in 1838

critical edition of mahabharat- started, by, pages, years to complete

1919, VS Sukrhankar , 13000 oages in 47 years

adi parvan

1st section of mahabharat

ashtadhyayi of panini

work on sanskrit grammar

charaka and sushrutra samhita

work on medicine

a. Bhadrabahu

b. Hemachandra

c. Vishakhadatta

d. Megasthenes

Bhadrabahu is associated with the Kalpasutra, an important Jain text.

Hemachandra authored the Parish Parvan, a Jain historical text.

Vishakhadatta wrote the Sanskrit political drama Mudrarakshasa.

Megasthenes, a Greek ambassador, wrote Indica, documenting his observations about India.

natyashastra of bharata

works on dramaturgy

kula

Kula - III. Family:

• In the context of social organization, "Kula" refers to a family or lineage, emphasizing the familial connection.

shreni

D. Shreni - IV. Guild:

• "Shreni" denotes a guild, a group of people with common interests or professions, often associated with economic activities.

jnati

Jnati -  I. Kinfolk

• "In the context of social organization, "Jnati" refers to the kinfolk or family.

vamsha

Vamsha -  II.Lineage:

• "Vamsha" is associated with lineage, representing the descent from a common ancestor.

Agrahara' was land granted to

brahaman

Vinaya Pitaka

contains the rules and regulations governing the conduct of Buddhist monks (bhikkhus) and nuns (bhikkhunis) within the monastic community. It provides guidelines for their daily life, behavior, discipline, and interactions within the sangha, the community of Buddhist monastics.

Abhidhamma Pitaka  

Abhidhamma Pitaka offering philosophical insights and theoretical frameworks. It is one of the three baskets (Tipitaka) of the Pali Canon.

Sutta Pitaka

Sutta Pitaka contains the discourses and teachings of the Buddha, addressing various aspects of life, ethics, and meditation.

Mahavamsa

ancient Sri Lankan chronicle t related to the Buddha and the establishment of Buddhism in Sri Lanka.