U.S. HISTORY II UNIT #1; November 1920-November 1936

Warren G. Harding

Republican president from 1921-1923 known for scandals committed by his cabinet officials.

Al Capone

The most notorious gangster of the 1920s and 1930s.

Western Democracy

Form of government where the people elect their leaders & business is privately owned in a free-market.

Capitalism

Form of economy where business is privately owned in a free-market.

Communism

Form of government where a dictator rules the people & business is owned and run by the government.

Socialism

Form of economy where business is owned and run by the government.

Fascism

Form of government where a dictator rules the people & business is privately owned in a free-market.

Benito Mussolini

Fascist dictator of Italy from 1922-1943.

Calvin Coolidge

Republican president from 1923-1929 known for promoting big business.

Adolf Hitler

Fascist dictator of Germany from 1933-1945.

The Nazi Party

Radical fascist political party in Germany that was nationalistic, imperialistic, and racist.

Josef Stalin

Communist dictator of the Soviet Union from 1924-1953.

John T. Scopes

Biology teacher that was arrested for teaching evolution in school.

Flappers

Young women of the 1920s that adopted the radical new styles of the time.

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

Violent white supremacist group that targeted blacks, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants.

The Harlem Renaissance

The 1920s explosion of black creative talent in literature, music, and the arts centered in New York City.

The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

It gave full U.S. citizenship to every Native American born in the U.S.

The Emergency Quota Act of 1921

It applied the first effective brakes to immigration by limiting the amount of Europeans allowed into the U.S. each year.

Charles Lindbergh

The first to accomplish a solo, non-stop, trans-Atlantic airplane flight.

Amelia Earhart

The first female to accomplish a solo, non-stop, trans-Atlantic airplane flight.

Jazz

The most popular form of music in America from 1920-1930.

Radio

Popular new form of family entertainment in the 1920s made possible by electricity.

George Herman “Babe” Ruth

Famous 1920s home run hitting baseball player for the New York Yankees.

The National Football League (NFL)

The most successful football league established in the 1920s.

Chainstores

Businesses where one owner owns many identical stores and buys large quantities of a product for a lower price.

The Installment Plan

A system of purchasing expensive items by paying for them in monthly payments.

Planned Obsolescence

The practice of manufacturing consumer goods so that they wear out quickly and need frequent replacing.

Herbert Hoover

Republican president from 1929-1933; scapegoat for the stock market crash and resulting depression.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929-- the day the stock market crashed, starting the Great Depression.

The Bonus Army

Veterans of World War I who gathered in Washington, D.C. to demand money they were not due until 1945.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Democratic president from 1933-1945 known for leading the U.S. out of the Great Depression.

The New Deal

Plan to end the Great Depression through federal aid and work programs.

The 20th Amendment

Limited the lame duck session for presidents-elect by moving the inauguration date from March 4 to January 20.

The 21st Amendment

Repealed the earlier amendment that made alcohol illegal.

The Fireside Chats

Roosevelt’s radio speeches during the depression which comforted the nation regarding the economy.

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Provided jobs for unemployed single young men between 18-25 years of age.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Guarantees individual bank deposits in federally insured banks.

The Public Works Administration (PWA)

Provided jobs on large-scale engineering projects to increase employment and business activity.

The Civil Works Administration (CWA)

Provided cleanup jobs then expanded to building local government buildings, roads, parks, etc.

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Constructed dam and hydroelectric power projects to improve this area.

The Works Progress Administration (WPA)

Employed people to do construction, research, and artistic projects.

The National Youth Administration (NYA)

Provided work for 16-25-year-olds to help them stay in school.

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

Guaranteed workers a union of their own choice and forced business to bargain collectively with labor unions.

The Social Security Act of 1935

Created unemployment and disability programs as well as a retirement pension system.

The Dust Bowl

Drought, erosion, and poor farming techniques created a large area with severe environmental damage.

Swing

The most popular form of music in America from 1930-1940.

Mildred “Babe” Didrikson

Great track & field and golf star of the 1930s; considered the best female athlete of the first half of the 20th century.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Criminal justice agency that deals with federal crimes within U.S. borders.

J. Edgar Hoover

Powerful director of the main domestic criminal justice agency from 1924-1972.

Jesse Owens

Great black track star that dominated the 1936 Olympics in Germany.