Psychology Test 3 ( Chapters 11 - 14 )

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44 Terms

1
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What is puberty?

The growth of sexual organs and hormones

2
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What are Primary Sex Characteristics?

The organs directly involved in reproduction, such as the ovaries and testes.

3
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What are Secondary Sex Characteristics?

The visual features that emerge during puberty that are not directly related to reproduction, such as breast development in girls and facial hair in boys.

4
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What are the downsides to early maturing in girls and boys?

Popularity in sports or in physical attractiveness, can be sought after more often AND/OR increased risk of emotional and social challenges, such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse.

5
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What is Anorexia?

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image leading to self-imposed starvation.

6
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What is ADD/ADHD?

Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting focus, self-control, and other behaviors.

7
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What is Piaget’s cognitive stage of development for Adolescence?

The Formal Operational Stage, where individuals develop the ability to think abstractly and logically.

8
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What is binge drinking for men?

Consuming 5 or more alcoholic beverages in a single occasion.

9
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What is binge drinking for women?

Consuming 4 or more alcoholic beverages in a single occasion.

10
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What is an alcoholic?

An individual who has a dependency on alcohol, characterized by an inability to control drinking despite negative consequences.

11
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Why is it easy for adolescents to become smokers?

Because of social influences, peer pressure, and the desire for acceptance.

12
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List and define or give examples of the 5 substances as discussed in class.

  1. depressants/sedatives - slows the nervous system (drowsy) ; ex: alcohol / opioids

  2. stimulants - activates nervous system (energized); ex: cocaine/crack, caffeine, nicotine

  3. hallucinogens - produces illusions/distorts reality ex: LSD, PCP, cannabis

  4. club drugs - stimulants or hallucinogens at clubs; ex: ecstasy, ketamine, LSD, roofies

  5. synthetics - cheap drugs that shouldn't be drugs; ex: bath salts, air in a can bullshit

13
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What is the definition of Self-Concept?

An individual's perception of their own identity, including beliefs and feelings about oneself.

14
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What is Erikson’s stage of development for Adolescence?

Identity vs. Role Confusion, where teens explore their sense of self and personal identity.

15
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What is James Marcia’s stage of Identity Achievement?

A stage where individuals have explored options and made commitments to their identities.

16
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What is James Marcia’s stage of Identity Foreclosure?

A stage where individuals make commitments without exploring alternatives, often influenced by parents.

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What is James Marcia’s stage of Identity Moratorium?

A stage characterized by exploration without making commitments, often experiencing confusion.

18
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What is James Marcia’s stage of Identity Diffusion?

A stage where individuals have neither explored nor committed to an identity.

19
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What are possible causes of adolescent suicide?

Factors such as mental health disorders, trauma, bullying, substance abuse, and family issues.

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What are the warning signs of adolescent suicide?

Expressions of hopelessness, withdrawal from friends, significant changes in behavior, mentioning death, and losing control of oneself.

21
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What are under-socialized and socialized delinquents?

Under-socialized delinquents lack social skills, while socialized delinquents have social skills but engage in delinquent activities.

22
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List and define or give examples of the 5-step plan of Mental Health First Aid.

  1. Assess for risk;

  2. Listen non-judgmentally

  3. Give reassurance

  4. Encourage appropriate professional help

  5. Encourage self-help and other support strategies

23
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What is Senescence?

The process of aging characterized by a gradual decline in physical and mental capabilities.

24
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What is the amount of exercise needed each week?

At least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity, plus muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days.

25
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What is secondary aging?

Aging that results from environmental factors and lifestyle choices, such as poor diet or lack of exercise.

26
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What is coping?

The process of managing stress and difficult emotions.

27
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What is emotion-focused coping?

Coping strategies aimed at managing emotions associated with a stressful situation.

28
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Why is social support important for stress management?

Social support provides emotional comfort, practical help, and helps individuals cope with stressors.

29
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What is problem-focused coping?

Coping strategies aimed at addressing and solving the source of stress.

30
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What is resilience?

The ability to adapt and recover from adversity and challenges.

31
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What is Schaie’s stage of achievement?

A stage in which adults focus on using their abilities to achieve personal and professional goals.

32
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What is Schaie’s stage of responsibility?

A stage where individuals juggle various responsibilities, such as family and work.

33
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What is Schaie’s executive stage?

A stage where individuals take on leadership and management roles, often guiding others.

34
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List and define or give examples of 5 Coping/Stress Management techniques.

  1. Deep breathing;

  2. Meditation;

  3. Time management;

  4. Physical exercise;

  5. Seeking social support.

35
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List and define or give examples of Schaie’s 5 stages of adult development.

  1. Achieving Stage - Personal and professional goals;

  2. Responsible Stage - Balancing duties;

  3. Executive Stage - Leadership roles;

  4. Reintegrative Stage - Focus on meaningful tasks;

  5. Legacy Stage - Preparation for the end of life.

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What is Erikson’s stage of psychosocial development in Early Adulthood?

Intimacy vs. Isolation, where individuals seek deep relationships while managing the fear of solitude.

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Why do we develop friendships?

To satisfy social and emotional needs, provide support, and foster a sense of belonging.

38
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According to Sternberg, what is fatuous love?

A type of love that combines passion and commitment without intimacy.

39
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According to Sternberg, what is consummate love?

The complete form of love that includes intimacy, passion, and commitment.

40
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According to Sternberg, what is romantic love?

A type of love that includes intimacy and passion, but lacks commitment.

41
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What is secure attachment and avoidant attachment in adults?

Secure attachment is characterized by the ability to form stable and trusting relationships; avoidant attachment refers to reluctance to rely on others or seek closeness.

42
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What are Ginzberg’s fantasy, tentative, and realistic periods of career development?

Fantasy Period: unrealistic dreams of occupations; Tentative Period: considering skills and interests; Realistic Period: making practical choices in careers.

43
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What is Holland’s theory of career development?

A theory categorizing people into six personality types to help them find suitable careers.

44
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List and define or give examples of the 6 personality types of the Holland code for Career Development.

  1. Realistic - Hands-on and mechanical;

  2. Investigative - Analytical and scientific;

  3. Artistic - Creative and expressive;

  4. Social - Helping and interpersonal;

  5. Enterprising - Persuasive and leadership-oriented;

  6. Conventional - Detail-oriented and organized.