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offer
a proposal showing a willingness to contract on firm and definite terms.
Carlill v Carbolic Smokeball Co
A newspaper ad is an unilateral offer if there are specific terms attached, when accepted becomes bilateral.
Wilkie v London Passenger Transport Board
An offer can be implied from the offeror's conduct.
Gibson v Manchester City Council
An offer must be in clear and definite terms.
Harvey v Facey
A request for further information is not an offer
Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking
An offer can be made by a machine
Fisher v Bell
A display of goods is an invitation to treat, not an offer
Partridge v Crittenden
An advertisement is an invitation to treat, not an offer
BCA v Wright
An auctioneer asking for bids is an invitation to treat; the bids are offers.
Byrne v van Tienhoven
Revocation of an offer must be communicated to the offeree.
Dickinson v Dodds
Revocation can be communicated by a reliable third party.
Errington v Errington
Once acceptance has begun, an offer cannot be withdrawn.
Shuey v US
Revocation must be by same method or one of equal notoriety as the original offer
Hyde v Wrench
A counter-offer extinguishes the original offer.
Stevenson v McLean
A request for further information is not a counter-offer.
Ramsgate Victoria Hotel v Montefiore
If no time period is specified, an offer will lapse after a reasonable period of time.
Bradbury v Morgan
Death ends the offer if it is of a personal nature.
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