Politics and Governance: I

State

State

Political concept; A community where a Government, People, Territory, and Sovereignty are present

People

Inhabitant

Territory

Definite place

Government

Instrument by which Governance is executed

Sovereignty

Freedom from inside and outside intervention; Free from external control

Effective State

The state controls and taxes the entire territory.

Laws are mostly obeyed.

Provides general welfare and security.

Existence of minor corruption

Weak State

Crime has oenetrated politics.

Govenrment is weak in fighting lawlessness, corruption, and poverty.

Justice is bought and elections are often rigged.

Governmental revenues go to private pockets.

Failed State

No national government exists.

The state is ruled by warlords, private army, and militias.

“Gun” is the law.

Education and health standards decline.

Monarchy

Positive form of Tyranny

Tyranny

Negative form of Monarchy

Aristocracy

Positive form of Oligarchy

Oligarchy

Negative form of Aristocracy

Polity

Positive form of Democracy

Democracy

Negative form of Polity

One

Number of ruler the Monarchy and Tyranny have

Few

Number of rulers the Aristocracy and Oligarchy have

Many

Number of rulers the Polity and Democracy have

Nation

Cultural concept; A group of peole bound together by commonalities in language, history, traditions, and religion.

Nation-State

Integration of the state and the nation.

Globalization

Process through which societies have become so intertwined or interconnected that events and decisions in one part of the world have significant effects on the lives of people in the other parts of the world.

Economic Form

FEATURE: Local and Global economy.

EXAMPLE: International production and distribution of goods and services (Import and Export).

Cultural Form

FEATURE: Cultural influences and differences.

EXAMPLE: Changes in the local cultural features of countries.

Political Form

FEATURE: International organizations, transnational interventions, NGO’s

EXAMPLE: UN Laws and Conventions, World Bank; IMF; UN; ASEAN; etc.

Executive Department or Branch

Branch/Department that implements laws and policies.

Article VII, Section 1, 1987 Constitution

“The executive power shall be vested in the President of the Philippines.”

Separation of Powers

Each branch has its own powers and responsibilities.

Checks and Balances

To prevent power abuse; To check om the other's exercise of its powers.

Executive Members

President, Vice-President, Gabinets/Secretaries