Chemistry Flashcards (Science Bowl)

These are the flashcards for the chemistry section of the Science Bowl Notes

Nomenclature: The systematic naming of chemical compounds is known as __________.

nomenclature.

The simplest form of matter, consisting of only one type of atom, is called an __________.

element.

The strength of a bond between atoms is referred to as __________ strength.

bond.

Ionic bonds are formed when __________ are transferred from one atom to another.

electrons.

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of __________ between two atoms.

electrons.

In a molecular compound, the bond strength can vary, often measured in __________.

kilojoules per mole.

An electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy is called a __________.

galvanic cell.

The process by which electrical energy is used to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction is known as __________.

electrolysis.

A substance that gains electrons in a redox reaction is referred to as __________.

reducer.

The electrode where reduction occurs in an electrochemical cell is called the __________.

cathode.

The measure of the tendency of a chemical species to gain electrons and thereby be reduced is known as __________ potential.

reduction.

The movement of ions in an electrolyte solution is essential for __________ conduction.

electrical.

The process by which a nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting radiation is known as __________.

radioactive decay.

The sum of protons and neutrons in a nucleus is referred to as the __________ number.

mass.

Elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called __________.

isotopes.

The energy released during a nuclear reaction, such as fission or fusion, is measured in __________.

megatons.

A type of nuclear reaction in which a heavy nucleus splits into smaller nuclei is called __________.

nuclear fission.

The fusion of light atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus releases __________ energy than fission.

more.

A particle that contains one proton and one neutron is called an __________.

alpha particle.

The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time taken for half of the __________ to decay.

nuclei.

The use of nuclear reactions to generate electricity is known as __________ power.

nuclear.

Nuclear reactions that release energy as a result of changes in the nucleus are called __________ reactions.

nuclear.

The regions in an atom where electrons are likely to be found are called __________.

orbitals.

The basic unit of matter that consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons is known as a __________.

particle.

Electrons in an atom occupy specific energy levels, referred to as __________ states.

electron.

The arrangement of electrons in an atom is described by the __________ configuration.

electron.

The maximum number of electrons in an orbital is __________.

two.

The different shapes that orbitals can take are designated by letters such as s, p, d, and __________.

f.

The principle stating that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers is known as __________ principle.

Pauli exclusion.

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is called __________ energy.

ionization.

The likelihood of finding an electron within a certain region around the nucleus is described by __________.

electron density.

The quantum mechanical model of the atom describes electrons as existing in __________ rather than fixed orbits.

orbitals.

The symbolic representation of a chemical compound is known as a __________.

chemical formula.

A __________ reaction involves the breaking of chemical bonds and the formation of new bonds.

chemical.

In a balanced chemical equation, the number of atoms of each element is the same on both __________ of the equation.

sides.

A __________ shows the reactants and products of a chemical reaction, including their states of matter.

chemical equation.

In a chemical reaction, the substances that react are called __________.

reactants.

The substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction are known as __________.

products.

A __________ reaction is one in which energy is absorbed from the surroundings.

endothermic.

In a __________ reaction, energy is released into the surroundings.

exothermic.

The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither __________ nor __________ in a chemical reaction.

created; destroyed.

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed is called a __________.

catalyst.

The simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound is known as the __________ formula.

empirical.

The formula that indicates the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule is called the __________ formula.

molecular.

A __________ reaction is a type of reaction where two or more substances combine to form a single product.

synthesis.

A __________ reaction is one in which a single compound breaks down into two or more products.

decomposition.

In a __________ reaction, an element replaces another element in a compound.

single displacement.

In a __________ reaction, two compounds exchange ions to form two new compounds.

double displacement.