Ch. 11: Political Developments in the Early Republic

loose construction

a broad interpretation of the Constitution, meaning that Congress has powers beyond those specifically given in the Constitution

sedition

The crime of encouraging rebellion against the government

nullify

to refuse a federal law

States' Doctrine

the theory that rights not specifically given to the federal government by the Constitution remain with the states

What departments made up President Washington's cabinet?

**Executive department heads**

What is an excise tax?

A tax on the production or sale of a product

What was the cause of the Whiskey Rebellion?

Farmers refused to pay taxes on whiskey.

Why did Washington bring in the army as a response to the Whiskey Rebellion?

He saw the rebellion as a threat to the new government's authority

What important ideas did Washington include in his farewell address to the nation at the end of his presidency?

Not to let loyalty to political parties tear the nation apart

Why did most Republicans support the French Revolution?

They believed democracy was worth the fight

Which event led to the addition of the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution?

The election of 1800

Leader of the Federalist party

Alexander Hamilton

Best form of government (Federalist)

Country ruled by wealthy & well educated

How strong should the national government be? (Federalist)

Favored a strong national government

Federalist Ideal economy

**Based on business, manufacturing and trade**

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**Strong national bank to collect taxes and print money**

Federalist View of human nature

People were selfish and out for themselves

Relations with Britain and France (Federalist)

Sided with Britain

French Revolution (Federalist)

Did not support- Felt that people were going against the government

Leader of the Republican party

Thomas Jefferson

Best form of government (Republican)

People have a say (democracy)

How strong should the national government be? (Republican)

Small national government with limited powers but strong state governments

Republican Ideal economy

Based on agriculture (farmers)

Republican View of human nature

Citizens have their rights and people are naturally good

Relations with Britain and France (Republican)

Sided with France

French Revolution (Republican)

**Supports- because people should stand up for themselves**

What did Alexander Hamilton believe was important for the U.S. to become a great nation?

A strong economy

According to Alexander Hamilton, how would a national bank serve the country's interests?

It would provide loans to business people

Why did most Federalists favor good relations with Great Britain?

They depended on the country's business

What issue about power divided the Federalist and Republican parties?

How large and powerful the federal government should be

How did republicans view the Alien and Sedition Acts?

As an attack on the right of free speech

What does each state have the authority to do based on the States' Doctrine of the Constitution?

Nullify federal law

Why did Jefferson call the election of 1800 a peaceful resolution?

Serious differences were resolved without violence

How were Hamilton and Jefferson opposites in appearance?

* **Hamilton- dressed with great care**
* **Jefferson- sloppy with clothes**

**As a result of the election of 1800, what did it show about the electoral college?**

**It should be completely abolished** 

resolution

**Statement of a formal decision agreed on by a group**

strict construction

**a narrow interpretation of the Constitution, meaning that Congress has only those powers specifically given in the Constitution**

exert

**To put out effort to make something happen**

accumulated

**To increase in quantity or size over time**

finances

**The money a person, company or nation has and how it is managed**

reluctant

**To have hesitation or an unwillingness to do something**

Where was the leader of the Federalist party from?

West Indies

Where was the leader of the Republican party from?

Virginia

Federalist Views of the Alien Acts

**Needed to protect the country from troublemakers**

Federalist Views of the Sedition Acts

**Punish rep. for saying bad things about the government**

Republican Views of the Alien Acts

**Felt that it was an attack on their party**

Republican Views of the Sedition Acts

**An attack on free speech and press**

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**It would punish those who publish lies about the government**