1.5 Sleep AP Psych

Do people sleep in cycles?

Yes

When do sleep cycles repeat?

Every 90-120 minutes

What are the 4 sleep cycles called?

1)NREM 1

2)NREM 2

3)NREM 3

4)REM

What’s the general order of sleep cycles?

At first, we transition to deeper stages, where our body and brain become less responsive to stimuli. Later in each cycle, we transition back up to more internally active stages. NREM 3 gets shorter throughout the night. REM gets longer throughout the night.

What are some characteristics of REM sleep?

-Increases in length as night of sleep progresses

-vivid dreaming

-nightmares

-paralyzed body

-essential part of sleep for the mind

What are some characteristics of NREM sleep?

-decreases in length as night of sleep progresses

-vague, partial images and stories

-night terrors (NREM 3)

sleepwalking and sleeptalking (NREM 3)

-essential part of sleep for the body

What is the restoration theory of sleep?

Our bodies wear out during the day and use up hormones, neurotransmitters, and energy. Sleep is necessary to restore these sources and reenergize the body.

Memory consolidation theory of sleep

sleep helps us restore and rebuild are memories of the day’s experience

memory consolidation occurs during REM

Energy conservation theory of sleep

-Based on the evolutionary approach

-argues that sleep is used to preserve energy and protect us during the parts of the day when movement and activity are less likely to yield value and more likely to expose us to danger.

What did Sigmund Freud argue about the importance of dreams?

He proposed that dreams are the road to the unconscious mind, filled with content that we can’t face in conscious, waking life.

-published this theory in his book The interpretation of Dreams

Manifest Content

the obvious or expressed part of something, such as a dream or a communication. In dream analysis, it's the events and images that a dreamer recalls. 

Latent content

the hidden meaning or meaning that's not immediately obvious. It can refer to the hidden meaning of dreams, or the hidden meaning of a text. 

What is the activation synthesis model for dreams?

REM helps preserve and develop neural connections. As REM cycles activate, we make sense out of the random activities and weave them together a storyline that becomes a dream.

What is insomnia?

the most common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep, resulting in poor sleep quality and daytime fatigue. 

How many hours of sleep do teens need?

8-10

How many hours of sleep do adults need?

7-9 hours of sleep

What are some frequent causes of insomnia?

Stress, irregular sleep schedule, pain/illness, diet/medication, substance abuse

What are some treatments for insomnia?

stress management, medications/melatonin, treatment of pain/illness, changing habits

What is sleep apnea?

potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.

What are some symptoms of sleep apnea?

Symptoms include snoring loudly and feeling tired even after a full night's sleep.

What are the three types of sleep apnea?

obstructive, central (CNS), Complex

What is obstructive sleep apnea?

a sleep disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of complete or partial blockage of the upper airway during sleep, leading to pauses in breathing (apnea) or reduced breathing (hypopnea). 

What is CNS sleep apnea?

a sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of breathing cessation during sleep, caused by a malfunction in the central nervous system (CNS) that controls breathing. 

What is complex sleep apnea?

is the term used to describe a form of sleep disordered breathing in which repeated central apneas (>5/hour) persist or emerge when obstructive events are extinguished with positive airway pressure (PAP) and for which there is not a clear cause for the central apneas

What are some risk factors for sleep apnea?

-weight

-smoking

-gender

-age

-thick neck

-narrow airway

-nasal obstruction

What are some treatments for sleep apnea?

-Weight loss

-Surgery

-CPAP Machine

What is narcolepsy?

A chronic sleep disorder that causes overwhelming daytime drowsiness.

What are the symptoms for narcolepsy?

-falling into uncontrollable “sleep attacks” throughout the day

-drowsiness

-muscle paralysis (cataplexy)

-Triggered by strong emotions

What causes narcolepsy?

Genetics

What are some treatment options for those with narcolepsy?

-Medication

-Support