Psychological Disorders

Exam 4

DSM V - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychological Disorder 2013

A widely used system for classifying and giving codes to Psychological Disorders

It is reported that 26% of adult Americans suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder

Psychological Disorder

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior

Maladaptivity

Does a behavior prevent normal functioning

Emotional Discomfort

Does a behavior cause discomfort

Typicality

How normal is a behavior

Socially Accepted Behavior

Is a behavior socially unaccepted

Culture Bound Syndrome

Mental or behavioral pattern of distress and/or symptoms that is specific to a particular cultural group.

Culture-specific: They are unique to a particular culture, ethnic group, or community.

Not universally recognized: They may not be recognized or have a name in other cultures.

May be linked to cultural explanations: The symptoms or suffering are often explained through cultural beliefs, practices, or rituals.

May not fit standard diagnostic categories: They may not align with the diagnostic criteria of Western psychiatric manuals like the DSM.

PTSD

A Person has lingering memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, anxiety, feelings of numbness, and potentially insomnia. Must occur for four weeks after an experience.

OCD

A person is troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions

Generalized Anxiety Disorders

A person is unexplainably & continually tense and uneasy (more than 6 months)

Phobias

An irrational fear of a particular object or situation

Panic Disorder

A person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread

Major Depression

A person without the assistance of drugs experiences two or more weeks with five or more symptoms.

Symptoms must include at least a depressed mood or loss of interest.

Bipolar Disorder

A person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and an over excited state of mania (a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state)

Conversion Disorder

Psychological stress is displayed in physical ways. Psychological stress manifests as physical symptoms that affect motor or sensory functions. These symptoms are real and cannot be controlled, but they lack a medical explanation.

Hypochondria

The preoccupation with the idea that you are seriously ill

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A disorder in which a person exhibits two or more personalities

Dissociative Amnesia

The loss of memory due to a traumatic event

Depersonalization Disorder

Persistently feeling like you are observing yourself from outside your own body (abuse cases)

Catatonic

Disturbance of Movement

Movement slows to a stupor and then switches to agitation

May stay in uncomfortable positions for long periods of time

Disorganized

Incoherent Thought and speech

Disorganized behavior

Delusions or hallucinations

Emotionless or show inappropriate emotions

Paranoid

Same symptoms as disorganized schizophrenia

Additional symptoms include

• Grandeur (thoughts of greatness)

• Persecution

• Jealousy

*Considered to be the most dangerous psychological Disorder

Anorexia

Failure to maintain 85% of normal body weight: often from a restrictive diet

Distorted self-image (seeing self as overweight or the fear of gaining weight)

Loss of hair/nails

10% Mortality Rate

*Old Criteria - Missing 3 consecutive menstrual cycles

Bulimia

Eating excessively and compensating

Binge/Purge or Laxatives (92-94% of Cases)- Once a week for at least three months.

Excessive exercise or fasting (6-8%)

Generally normal body weight to slightly overweight

Binge Eating Disorder

Episodes of eating significant amounts of food in a short period of time

Characteristics

Eating when a person is not hungry

Feelings of guilt, embarrassment, or disgust about the binge

May binge alone to hide the behavior

The binges occur once a week for three months

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing. (May be aggressive, ruthless, or even a very good con artist). We typically call a person with this disorder a Sociopath or a psychopath

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A constant distrust of others including family and friends

Borderline Personality Disorder

A person lacks a self (emotionally Unstable) of sense and has a fear of abandonment (Cutting)