bio unit 5 test

what is biotic factors

living factors

what is an abiotic factor

non-living factor

Biotic examples

people, grass, trees

abiotic examples

weather, climate

population

consists of all the individuals of the same species living in a defined area

community

all living organisms living close enough together for potential interactions

ecosystem

includes both the living aspects (biotic factors) and the non-living aspects (abiotic factors)

autotrophs

(self-feeders) make their own organic nutrients using an external energy source (producers)

heterotrophs

(other-feeders) obtain organic nutrients from other organisms (consumers)

what do the arrows mean in a food chain or food web

point in the direction of flow or who is eating who

what type of organisms do all organisms in a food web eventually become food for

decomposers

what is the job of decomposers

feed on all trophic levels, convert dead organic matter into inorganic matter

ex of a decomposer

prokaryotes, bacteria, and fungi

what percentage of the energy available to primary consumers will be available to tertiary consumers

1%

how much energy will be available to secondary consumers

10%

what does "energy flows, but nutrients cycle" mean

energy enters an ecosystem from the sun and exists as heat (it is not reused). Nutrients like water and nitrogen cycle though the biosphere and are constantly reused

what is a habitat

where an organism lives

what is a niche

the role of an organism in its environment

what is a keystone species

plays an important role in its community, if it is removed it will have drastic effects

uniform

organisms are evenly spaced out (seen in species that compete for a scare environmental resource like water)

random

organisms have unpredictable distribution (seen in species that do not interact strongly)

clumped

organisms clustered together in groups (patchy distribution of resources in environment)

exponetial growth

idealized unlimited growth ("J" shaped curve)

logistic growth

idealized population growth that has been slowed down by limiting factors ("S" shaped curve)

density dependent factors

limited food, living space, disease

density-independent factors

fires, storms, floods, earthquakes

carrying capacity

the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

r-selected species

species that live in an unstable environment, population growth in rapid (house fly)

k-selected species

species that live in a stable environment, controlled by density dependent factors (elephant)

growing

is this population pyramid growing, stable, declining

stable

is this population pyramid growing, stable, declining

declining

is this population pyramid growing, stable, declining

type 1 survivorship

low death rate, many individuals live to old age (humans)

type 2 survivorship

moderate death rate, individuals die at all ages (birds)

type 3 survivorship

high death rate, many individuals die young and few live to old age (insects)

intraspecific competition

occurs between members of the same species (same species compete for mates in the same area)

interspecific competition

occurs between members of different species (different species compete for the same prey)

symbiosis

a relationship between 2 different organisms that live closely together

mutualism

both organisms benefit from the relationship (bees and flowers)

commensalism

one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed ( barnacles attaching to a whale)

parasitism

one organism benefits at the expanse of the other (fleas on a dog)

food web

a network of interconnected food chains

Food chain

Linear sequence of matter and energy flow through an ecosystem