Styles of Authoritarianism

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totalitarianism

-            Most extreme form

-            Ie Nazi Germany, soviet union, maoist china, north korea

-            Deny rights to citizens and violate heavily: overhauls all aspects of life

o   Have to adhere to propaganda

-            Don’t want freedom of thought: secret police, spies

-            One leader, heroistic / cult of personality

-            State control over economy

o   Don’t want power to build

-            Removal of ethnic minorities: work camps, prisons, mass executions

theocracy

religious o   Saudi arabia, iran, Afghanistan under Taliban

personalistic dictatorship

-            Form of authoritarianism where personality of dictator is highlighted

-            Don’t control ever aspect of civilian life, just little role in political decisions

o   Aka autocracy, tyranny

bureacratic - authoritarian regimes

-            Common in latin America

-            Associated with group of elites (like military) rather than single leader

-            Still can be brutal

-            Less ideological: more based on need to establish order or economic progress

o   What is the difference between hegemonic parties and bureaucratic authoritarianism?

hybrid and semi authoritarian regimes

-            Illiberal democracy: reasonably fair elections but don’t hold leaders accountable

o   Not all civil rights protected

-            Delegative democracy: partially democratic

-            Competitive authoritarianism: allow political competition but it is not fully true

o   Not fully democratic

transitions to authoritarianism

-            Authoritarian persistence:

o   Partial democratization but revert back

-            Two different patterns: single authoritarian regime, and substitution of one for the other: not continuous

regime maintenance

-            Produce economic benefits for supporters

-            Or patronage and clientism using state resources

-            Limit access to resources like info

 

-            Sometimes people do not know they are voting for an authoritarian

 

-            Sometimes organized actors try to take them out

 

o   Ie coups (only democratic breakdown when it is against democratic regimes – ie not against authoritarians )

 

-            Transition to hybrid regimes can come from either democratic or authoritarian, by partial democratization or democratic breakdown