APII Lecture Chapter 17- Homework

Which of the following explanations best describes why olfaction can elicit powerful emotional responses?

A. These emotional responses are associated with memory engrams formed from the hippocampus. B. Olfactory stimulation is processed directly through the motor cortex of the cerebrum. C. Olfactory information is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and limbic system. D. Olfactory stimulation is relayed from the processing center in the thalamus for widespread distribution in the cerebral cortex.

C

Olfactory information is first received by which part of the brain?

A. cerebrum B. pons C. medulla oblongata D. thalamus E. cerebellum

A

Before an olfactory receptor can detect an odorant, it has to

A. open ion channels. B. contact a basal cell. C. bind to receptors on olfactory dendrites. D. be transported to the olfactory bulbs. E. respond to applied pressure.

C

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the

A. cerebral cortex. B. olfactory tract. C. medulla oblongata. D. olfactory bulb. E. medial geniculate.

D

The olfactory organ consists of the ________ and the lamina propria.

A. hippocampus B. gustatory cells C. olfactory epithelium D. ethmoid bone E. basilar membrane

C

The olfactory receptors are highly modified

A. epithelial cells. B. sensory neurons. C. smooth muscle cells. D. neuroglial cells. E. interneurons.

B

During a sinus infection, it is difficult to smell because

A. olfactory supporting cells block odorant molecules from reaching the receptors. B. the hypothalamus stops responding to olfactory stimulation. C. basal cell division decreases. D. olfactory glands stop producing mucus. E. excess mucus blocks odorant molecules from reaching the receptors.

E

Olfactory sensory neurons are short-lived and, therefore, replaced frequently. How does this turnover happen?

A. mitotic division of olfactory sensory neurons B. mitotic division and differentiation of supporting cells C. mitotic division and differentiation of basal epithelial cells D. mitotic division and differentiation of odorants

C

Damage to the insula is most likely to affect which of the following senses?

A. olfaction B. vision C. equilibrium D. gustation E. hearing

D

The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of

A. photoreceptors in the eye. B. lamellar corpuscles. C. proprioceptors. D. mechanoreceptors in the ear. E. olfactory receptors.

E

Destruction to your left glossopharyngeal nerve would result in

A. inability to identify sour and bitter foods at the posterior one-third of the tongue. B. inability to hear. C. inability to sense sweetness at the tip of your tongue. D. inability to smell. E. inability to see.

A

Stimulation of receptors within the trigeminal nerve might produce a perception of

A. peppery hot. B. bitter. C. quite salty. D. intensely sweet. E. intensely sour.

A

Taste buds on the tongue are often associated with epithelial projections called

A. ampulla. B. ganglion cells. C. lingual papillae. D. macula. E. pharyngeal papillae.

C

The purpose of the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) photoreceptors are

A. to provide color vision. B. influence the circadian rhythm. C. to allow us to see in dim light. D. to give clear sharp vision. E. to replace rods as we age.

B

Jonathan received a strong blow to the eye. The eyeball remained intact but he suddenly could not see. This has likely caused

A. myopia. B. a detached retina. C. astigmatism. D. development of cataracts. E. development of glaucoma.

B

What structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision?

A. ciliary body B. extrinsic eye muscles C. iris D. aqueous humor E. macula

A

The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by

A. dilating and constricting. B. opening and closing. C. moving up and down. D. changing shape. E. moving in and out.

D

Which of the following produces a lipid-rich secretion that prevents the upper and lower eyelids from sticking together at their edges?

A. tarsal gland B. palpebra C. chalazion D. lacrimal caruncle E. conjunctiva

A

________ cells connect photoreceptors to ganglion cells.

A. Ganglion B. Cone C. Bipolar D. Amacrine E. Rod

C

If your vision is 20/15, this means that you can see

A. objects that are 20 feet or less away. B. all 15 eye chart letters from 20 feet. C. objects at 20 feet that individuals with normal eyesight can see at 15 feet. D. objects at 15 feet that individuals with eye problems see at 20 feet. E. 20-point font at 15 feet.

C

When light encounters a medium of different density, it is

A. refracted. B. angled. C. absorbed. D. reflected. E. diffracted.

A

An irregularity in curvature in the cornea or lens, called ________, causes a reduction in visual acuity.

A. glaucoma B. astigmatism C. a cataract D. macular degeneration E. corneal atrophy

B

Under which condition would the release of neurotransmitter by photoreceptors be greatest?

A. focusing intently on a distant object B. focusing intently on a close object C. under normal room light D. immediately after going outside in bright sunlight E. in a pitch-black room after 30 minutes

E

The cell of the retina that produces an action potential that goes to the brain is a(n)

A. bipolar cell. B. ganglion cell. C. photoreceptor. D. amacrine cell. E. horizontal cell.

B

All visual pigments contain ________ derived from ________.

A. retinal, vitamin A B. rhodopsin, vitamin D C. retinal, vitamin D D. rhodopsin, vitamin A

A

Our inner ear is protected from very loud noises by

A. the tensor tympani and the stapedius muscles. B. the stapedius muscle. C. cerumen in the auditory canal. D. contraction of the auditory tube. E. the tensor tympani muscle.

A

Conflicting sensory information from visual and movement signals may cause

A. temporary deafness. B. difficulty hearing low tones. C. enhanced hearing. D. motion sickness. E. ringing in the ears.

D

The cochlear duct lies between which two structures?

A. scala vestibuli and scala tympani B. utricle and saccule C. vestibule and semicircular canals D. basilar and tectorial membranes E. ganglion cells and the cochlear nerve

A

Which structure of the brain does not receive any auditory input?

A. auditory cortex of the temporal lobe B. inferior colliculi of the midbrain C. superior olivary nucleus of the pons D. pineal gland of the epithalamus E. medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

D

The auditory ossicles connect the

A. otitis to the media. B. stapedius to the tympanic membrane. C. tympanic membrane to the round window. D. tympanic membrane to the oval window. E. oval window to the round window.

D

Gravity and linear acceleration are sensed in the

A. saccule and utricle. B. semicircular canals. C. cochlea. D. spiral organ. E. scala tympani.

A

The function of the auditory tube is to

A. redistribute endolymph after hearing a sound. B. provide a passageway for sound waves to enter the ear. C. amplify sounds. D. equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane. E. help maintain equilibrium.

D

The hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in

A. ampullae. B. otoconia. C. cristae. D. ampullary cupulae. E. maculae.

E

The ________ is a region of dense bone that surrounds and protects the membranous labyrinth.

A. bony labyrinth B. membranous labyrinth C. auditory canal D. sella turcica E. ossicle

A

________ deafness results from conditions in the outer or middle ear that block the transfer of vibrations from the environment to the tympanic membrane or to the oval window.

A. Nerve B. Sensory C. Macular D. Conductive E. Mechanical

D