ALUL

Tubercles (humerus) and Tuberosity (femur) both have greater and lesser -

in both cases, the GREATER is more lateral in the anatomical position.

Sternoclavicular and Sacro-iliac joints

are both places where the appendicular and axial skeletons meet.

Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

= tarsals, metatarsals, phalnages

Tibial nerve

innervates all posterior lower limb muscles except one.

Radial nerve

innervates all posterior upper limb muscles.

The singular of phalanges is

phalanx (not phalanges).

What muscle is attached to the radial tuberosity of the radius?

Biceps brachii

Where does the brachialis muscle attach to the ulna?

Coronoid Process

What bone articulates with the humerus at the capitulum?

Radius

What bone articulates at the trochlea of the humerus?

Ulna

Which type of joint allows more movement: synovial joint or fibrous joint?

Synovial Joint

Fibrous Joint

The articulating bones of fibrous joints are united by fibrous tissues. The sutures of the cranium are an example of a fibrous joint.

Does fibrous joint allow any movement?

Yes

Are most of the joints of the adult skull synovial joints or fibrous joints?

Fibrous joints. Though the temporomandibular joint is a synovial joint.

Are most of joints of the adult limbs synovial joints or fibrous joints?

Synovial joints with a few fibrous syndesmoses.

1. Does cartilage have much sensory nerve supply?

2. What is the consequence of that for repeatedly loading and unloading a healthy joint (e.g., the knee joint during running)?

3. What happens when a joint with severely eroded cartilage surfaces experiences repeated loads?

1. Very little.

2. It is not painful.

3. When bone is exposed on the contact surface of a weight-bearing joint, the bone tissue is painfully irritated.

Which of those movements is the upper part of trapezius capable of producing?

Elevation, Retraction

Which is the middle trapezius most capable of producing?

Retraction

Which occurs along with abduction of the arm at the shoulder during reaching?

Elevation, some protraction, external rotation of the scapula.

What plane does flexion of the arm occurs?

Saggital Plane

What plane does abduction of the arm occurs?

Coronal Plane

What feature of the humerus approaches the acromion process of the scapula during abduction of the arm at the shoulder?

Greater tubercle

In what direction does the anterior surface of the arm move during medial (or internal) rotation of the arm?

Medially

What two opposites are the principal movements of the forearm at the elbow?

Flexion and Extension

From the anatomical position, what way do the palms face in the anatomical position?

Anteriorly

Is adduction ulnar deviation or is it radial deviation?

Ulnar deviation

Feel the anatomical snuffbox between your radial styloid process and the base of your first metacarpal bone with your hand abducted. Now adduct. A carpal bone of the proximal row becomes prominent. What bone is that?

Scaphoid bone

Using the standard anatomical position as a reference, is the surface of the palm in the sagittal plane or is it in the coronal plane?

Coronal Plane

Do flexion and extension of the fingers (second through fifth digits) occur in the sagittal plane or in the coronal plane?

Sagittal Plane

Do flexion and extension of the thumb occur in the sagittal plane or in the coronal plane?

Coronal Plane

Do abduction and adduction of the fingers occur in the sagittal plane or in the coronal plane?

Coronal Plane

At which finger joint does most abduction and adduction occur?

Metcarpophalangeal Joints - between the metacarpals and phalanges.

Do abduction and adduction of the thumb occur in the sagittal plane or in the coronal plane?

Sagittal Plane

1. Can the thumb be opposed to the fifth digit without adducting the thumb?

2. Can the thumb be opposed without flexing the interphalangeal joint of the thumb?

3. Can the thumb be opposed without flexing the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb?

4. Can the thumb be opposed without flexing the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?

1. Yes

2. Yes

3. Yes

4. NO

Name the four rotator cuff muscles.

1. Supraspinatus Muscle

2. Infraspinatus Muscle

3. Teres minor Muscle

4. Subscapularis Muscle

What is the other muscle you should also think of while doing the shoulder?

Deltoid Muscle

Supraspinatus Muscle

ORIGIN: Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

INSERTION: Superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

ACTION: Abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint and stabilizes humerus

Infraspinatus Muscle

ORIGIN: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

INSERTION: Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

ACTION: Lateral rotation of the arm at shoulder joint and stabilizing the humerus

Teres Minor Muscle

ORIGIN: Lateral border of the scapula

INSERTION: Inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

ACTION: Lateral rotation of the arm at shoulder joint, adducts the forearm, and stabilizing the humerus

Subscapularis Muscle

ORIGIN: Subscapular fossa

INSERTION: Lesser tubercle of the humerus

ACTION: Medial rotation of the arm at shoulder joint, some adduction the forearm, and stabilizing the humerus

NOTE THAT

pretty much every rotator muscle except teres minor is named after the fossa it originates from in the scapula: Subscapularis sits in the subscapular fossa, supraspinatus sits in the supraspinous fossa, and infraspinatous sits in the infraspinous fossa (all of the scapula).

• Additionally, it worth possibly noting that these four muscles spell S.I.T.S. (supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor and subscapularis)

• Also, all of them insert onto the greater tuberosity, except subscapularis, which is also the only one that originates on the anterior surface of the scapula.

Deltoid Muscle (Anterior, Middle)

ORIGIN: The anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

INSERTION: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

ACTION: Shoulder abduction, flexion and extension

Deltoid Muscle (Middle, Posterior)

ORIGIN: The anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

INSERTION: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

ACTION: Shoulder abduction, flexion and extension

What is the principal innervator of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?

Musculocutaneous nerve

What is the innervator of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm?

Radial Nerve

1. What two nerves share the innervation of muscles in the anteromedial compartment of the forearm?

2. What nerve innervates the posterolateral compartment of the forearm?

3. These two compartments also have names related to movements their muscles perform; what are they also called?

1. median nerve and ulnar nerve

2. radial nerve

3. flexor-pronator and extensor-supinator compartments.

What two nerves share the innervation of the intrinsic nineteen hand muscles? Most of these are served by the nerve on the medial side of the wrist. Name it.

Median nerve and ulnar nerve.

Ulnar nerve.

What reflex is tested by tapping a tendon on the posterior side of the elbow? What movement is expected?

Triceps brachii reflex - extension of the forearm at the elbow. C7 innervation.

What reflex is tested by tapping a prominent tendon on the anterior side of the elbow? What movement is expected?

Biceps brachii reflex - flexion of the forearm at the elbow. C5 innervation.

Elbow is divided up in to 4 Quadrants:

1. Posterior - lateral: NOTHING

2. Anterior - lateral: Musculocutaneal Nerve, Radial Nerve

3. Anterior - medial: Median Nerve

4. Posterior - medial: Ulnar Nerve

What nerve goes "right up the middle" of the cubital fossa?

Median nerve

What major vessel is lateral to Median Nerve?

Brachial artery

What's lateral to Brachial artery?

Biceps Brachaii Tendon

Which nerve is the only major nerve that passes posterior to the elbow joint?

Ulnar Nerve.

"Hitting your funny bone" is actually more like "tapping your ulnar nerve."

Which epicondyle of the humerus does the ulnar nerve contact?

Medial epicondyle

Name the nerve in the arm that ends with a cutaneous branch that passes very near the lateral side of the biceps brachii tendon. We will name that cutaneous nerve next year.

Musculocutaneous nerve.

What's lateral to the Musculocutaneous nerve?

Radial Nerve

What word describes the Radial Nerve's location relative to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?

Anterior

Which major nerve is in the carpal tunnel, deep to the transverse carpal ligament?

Median Nerve

Which major nerve crosses the wrist on the anterior surface of the pisiform and hamate bones?

Ulnar Nerve

Does that put the ulnar nerve on the medial side of the palm, or the lateral side of the palm?

Medial Side.

The superficial radial nerve does not innervate any skeletal muscles in the hand. So what functions does it serve there?

General sensory for skin and subcutaneous tissues.

Is the superficial radial nerve on the thumb side of the dorsum of the hand, or the fifth digit side?

The Thumb Side

The common pulse palpation point for the RADIAL ARTERY at the wrist is between two muscles -

Flexor carpi radialis Muscle, and