lab animal: non-human primates

Macaca mulatta

scientific name of rhesus monkeys

Rhesus Monkey

most commonly used

Macaca fascicularis

scientific name of cynomolgus monkey

Cynomolgus Monkey

second most used

Highly intelligent and curious

Have cheek pouches to store food

Have excellent motor coordination

Social and emotional creatures

behavioral traits and intelligence

Claws, Collarbone, and Placenta

macaques generally share the characteristics of other mammals in that they have __

Skull, Vertebrae, Forelimb, Hindlimb, Tail

macaques consist of __

Cecum

they have developed __

2 (I2/2, C1/1, PM2/2, M3/3) = 32

dental formula

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract

their respiratory system is composed of:

Unpaired

lung lobes are __

3 to 4 lobes

right lung has __

2 to 3 lobes

left lung has __

Diet

the digestive system of a non-human primates varies according to their __

Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Hindgut

their digestive system is composed of __

Foregut Fermenters

colobines are __

Hindgut Fermenters

macaques are __

Lymphocytes

supporting the immune system by helping the body fight pathogens in the blood using __

Old or Damaged

lymphatic system removes __ red blood cells

Haematopoiesis

the process of blood formation

Lymph, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatics Vessels, Thymus, Spleen, Tonsils, Adenoids, Peyer’s Patches, Appendix, Bone Marrows

lymphatic system contains __

Four Chamber

they have __ heart

Valves

the two ventricles and two atria separates by __

Systematic and Pulmonary

they have __ circulation

Arteries, Veins, Capillaries

they have these in cardiovascular system

Red Blood Cell

White Blood Cell

Platelets

Plasma

blood contains __

Ovaries, Oviducts (Fallopian Tube), Uterus, Vagina

female reproductive organs include __

Sexual Area

the __ of the female is near the genitals and the entire buttocks.

Master Gland

other name for pituitary gland

Pituitary Gland

it secretes hormones that influence other endocrine glands

3 years

sexual maturity of male

2 years

sexual maturity of female

165days

pregnancy lasts __ with one infant in each litter each year

0.40 to 0.55 kg

newborn monkeys weigh approximately __

7 weeks

__ after birth, the infants can play alone without their mother

6 months

lactation lasts for more than __

20 to 30 years

their lifespan is up to __

Milk

young monkeys will not suck __ the first day after birth.

Belly or Back

they will latch on to the __ of females, often with the help of other females

Omnivores

macaques are __

Species and Environment

non-human primates eat a wide variety of foods, depending on their __

Foraging

primates spend much of their day

Growth, Brain Development, Health

diet helps with __

fruits

vegetables

leafy greens

protein sources

species-specific supplements.

balanced diet includes:

2 to 3 times daily

feeding frequency

1.5 to 2 cubic meters

size of enclosure for small monkeys (marmosets or tamarins)

2 to 5 cubic meters

size of enclosure for medium monkeys (macaques or capuchins)

10 cubic meter

size of enclosure for large monkeys (baboons or chimpanzee)

Group Housing

preferred to support social behavior unless scientific protocols require isolation

Social Compatibility

should be assessed to minimize aggression and stress

Timely Intervention

observation of group dynamics is critical for __

Routine Monitoring

regular health checks for signs of illness or injury

Vaccination

species-specific vaccination programs (e.g., tetanus, TB screening)

Parasite Control

scheduled deworming and ectoparasite checks

Record Keeping

detailed health and treatment records are essential

Manual Restraint

used for small or calm monkeys

Mechanical Restraint

for bigger or more aggressive monkeys

Chemical Restraint

when monkeys are too stressed or need a medical procedure.

Understanding human evolution

Medical and scientific research

Maintaining ecosystem

Cultural and Educational Value

importance of non-human primates

165 days

embryonic and fetal stage

Singleton Pregnancy

Altricial

baby monkeys are born somewhat __

12 months

period of newborn and infant stage up to __

2 to 3 months

80% of adult brain weight reached at __ old

3 to 4 times

developmental stages are __ than humans

Learning

Memory

Social Behavior

these can be evaluated in this period

12 to 36 months

period of juvenile stage

Social Behavior and Advance Problem Solving

in juvenile stage, they can explore new __

3 to 8 years

period of adolescence

Advanced

in adolescence stage, their white matter growth __

Full Maturation

__ of brain development

Sexual Maturity

in adolescence stage, they hit __

25 years

lifespan

12 to 15 years

neuronal senescence begins around __

20 years

acceleration around __