A&P 4-1

Tight Junction

Anchoring Junction (Adhesion)

Gap Junction

Types of cell junctions

tight junction

forms an impermeable barrier between cells

Desmosome

tissues that stretch (like heart muscle)

Gap Junction

allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells

Epithelial

Muscle

Nervous

Connective

Types of tissues

Tissue

group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions

What is epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers body surfaces, lines organs/cavities, and forms glands

What is connective tissue

Tissue that supports, connects, protects, and binds other tissues

What is muscle tissue

Tissue specialized for contraction and movement

skeletal

cardiac

smooth

What are the types of muscle tissue

What is nervous tissue

Tissue specialized for communication and rapid control of the body

• Protection

• Absorption

• Secretion

• Filtration

• Sensation

What are the main functions of epithelial tissue?

How are epithelial cells arranged?

Cells are tightly packed together with very little extracellular space

• Apical surface → faces the outside or an open space

• Basal surface → attached to the basement membrane

What are the two surfaces of epithelial tissue

Does epithelial tissue have its own blood vessels

No. Epithelial tissue is avascular

What is the basement membrane

A thin layer that anchors epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue

1. Number of cell layers

2. Shape of the cells

How is epithelial tissue structurally classified

• Simple = 1 layer

• Stratified = 2 or more layers

What are the classifications based on the number of cell layers

• Squamous = flat

• Cuboidal = cube-shaped

• Columnar = tall/column-shaped

What are the 3 basic epithelial cell shapes

What is simple squamous epithelium

One layer of flat cells

What is simple cuboidal epithelium

One layer of cube-shaped cells

What is simple columnar epithelium

One layer of tall cells

What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium

One layer of cells that looks like multiple layers

What is stratified squamous epithelium

Multiple layers with flat cells on the surface

Multiple layers with cube-shaped cells on the surface

What is stratified cuboidal epithelium

What is stratified columnar epithelium

Multiple layers with tall column-shaped cells on the surface

What is transitional epithelium

Stratified epithelium that can stretch and change shape

Epithelial tissue specialized to produce and secrete substances

What is glandular epithelium

What are the 2 major types of glands

Endocrine and exocrine

What is an endocrine gland

A gland that does NOT have ducts and releases hormones directly into the blood

What is an exocrine gland

A gland that releases its secretions through a duct onto a surface or into a body cavity

keratinized

stratified squamous epithelium found in epidermis of skin

nonkeratinized

stratified squamous epithelium in which the mucous membrane which lines most body orifices (remain moist)

apocrine

If the apical portion of the secretory cells pinches off so that the released product is a membrane-bound vesicle, the gland is classified as

holocrine

If the cells membrane ruptures and the cells disintegrate during the release of their product, the gland is classified as

merocrine

If the cells release the products via exocytosis through the apical membrane, the gland is classified as