deafness revision

Incomplete phonological representations

Hinder language development (Soleymani et al., 2016)

Weak oral language skills

Lead to literacy delays, academic challenges, and unemployment (Harris, 2015)

Delayed speech and language development

Results in speech difficulties (Stefánsdóttir et al., 2024)

Weak vocabulary and syntax

Cause comprehension difficulties (Vohr et al., 2008)

Challenges in acquiring pragmatic and social skills

Lead to social isolation (Peterson et al., 2016)

Critical periods for neural development

Emphasize the need for stimulation (Levine et al., 2016)

Early identification

Aids in better outcomes for deaf children (Yoshinaga-Itano, 2014)

Universal newborn hearing screening

Allows for timely intervention (JCIH, 2019)

Language deprivation affects theory of mind

And working memory (Morgan et al., 2014; Marshall et al., 2015)

Children in hearing families

Face risks of language deprivation (Hall et al., 2019)

Sign language complements oral language

Enhancing vocabulary and grammar (Fitzpatrick et al., 2016)

Early identification and effective amplification

Are crucial for communication success (Ching, 2015)

Various child and family factors

Influence communication choices and outcomes (Crowe et al., 2014)

Empower parents with information and positive support

Early support objective

Establish effective family communication

Early support objective

Monitor and develop the child's communication skills

Early support objective

Maximize the use of residual hearing and speech

Through optimal amplification (Early support objective)

Roles of key professionals

Like Teacher of the Deaf, Speech and Language Therapists, and Audiologists

Importance of Deaf staff

In providing support and information on Deaf culture

Need for coordinated efforts

Among professionals and voluntary organizations

High-quality interaction

Is essential for communicative development (Parent-Child Interaction)

Parent-Child Interaction therapy

Focuses on improving interactions (Dirks, 2024)

Video Interaction Guidance

Aids parents in evaluating and enhancing their interactions

Focus on developing joint attention

Face watching, and turn-taking skills (Accessibility of Communication)

Content of parental language

Plays a crucial role in communication accessibility (Accessibility of Communication)

Utilizing MacArthur CDI Vocabulary Checklist

To monitor early lexical development in deaf children

Encouraging pre-speech vocalizations

Through activities like playing with noisy toys and singing

Assessing listening skills

Using the Ling 6 Sound Test across different speech frequencies

Monitoring vocal changes post-cochlear implantation

With the Profile of Actual Speech Skills (PASS)

Emphasizing parent-professional partnerships

For optimal outcomes (Parent-Centered Programs)

Involving parents in the monitoring of their child's progress

And development (Parent-Centered Programs)

Providing access to diverse role models

And counseling components for parents (Parent-Centered Programs)

Ensuring careful monitoring of vocalizations

Consonant production, and language development (Parent-Centered Programs)

Exploring the medical and social models of deafness

And the importance of Deaf culture (Cultural Aspects and Identity)

Differentiating between hearing, deaf, and bicultural identities

(Cultural Aspects and Identity)

Factors influencing the development of a healthy identity

In deaf individuals (Cultural Aspects and Identity)

Encouraging acceptance and interaction with Deaf peers

And role models (Cultural Aspects and Identity)

Understanding the terminology related to audiological factors

Like hearing loss (Terminology and Audiological Factors)

Respecting individual preferences

In describing hearing status (Terminology and Audiological Factors)

Highlighting the prevalence of deafness

And hearing loss in the UK (Terminology and Audiological Factors)

Providing statistics on childhood deafness

And its impact on educational achievement (Terminology and Audiological Factors)

Addressing the increased risk of mental health issues

In deaf individuals (Mental Health and Communication)

Linking mental health problems to communication challenges

(Mental Health and Communication)

Highlighting the prevalence of anxiety and depression

In deaf adults (Mental Health and Communication)

Emphasizing the impact of sensory decline

On the quality of life in older deaf adults (Mental Health and Communication)

Discussing the challenges faced by deaf individuals in employment

(Challenges and Support for Deaf Individuals)

Exploring the use of amplification devices like hearing aids

(Challenges and Support for Deaf Individuals)

Examining communication methods used by deaf individuals

Including bimodal bilingualism (Challenges and Support for Deaf Individuals)

Considering the advantages and disadvantages of hearing aids

And cultural attitudes towards disability (Challenges and Support for Deaf Individuals)

Ensuring a quiet room, soft furnishings, and functioning amplification

For deaf communication (Improving Listening Environment)

Providing adequate lighting and minimizing distractions

(Improving Listening Environment)

Positioning for optimal speechreading access

And signal to noise ratio (Improving Listening Environment)

Speech Perception

Audiovisual process aided by hearing aids and cochlear implants

Speechreading

Enhances speech perception through visual and auditory cues

Advantages of Seeing the Speaker

Equivalent to a 15dB increase in signal to noise ratio, aids attention and comprehension

Sign Language Interpreters

Face-to-face or video professionals aiding communication

Lipspeakers

Experts focusing on lip patterns for communication

Speech-to-Text Reporters

Professionals transcribing speech into text for clarity

Preparation for Communication

Booking in advance and providing necessary materials

Planning Considerations

Factors like interpreter numbers and breaks for sessions

Guidelines for Interaction

Directly addressing the deaf person, not the interpreter

Impact of Deafness

Significance of hearing loss above 40dB, age's role

Working with Clients

Understanding client's hearing difficulty and optimizing environment

Challenges with Glue Ear

Testing issues in toddlers, impacting speech development

Listening Difficulties in Children

Effects of noise, cognitive overload, and academic performance

Phonological Evaluation

Assessing speech sounds using PETAL and GRBAS methods

Vocal Profile Analysis

Evaluating voice quality and characteristics

Speech Intelligibility Rating Scales

Grading speech clarity for effective communication

Speechreading Skills

Using visual cues and clear speech for communication

Connected Discourse Tracking

Assessing language comprehension through shadowing tasks

Spoken Language Approaches

Emphasizing speechreading and amplification in communication

Listening and Spoken Language

Focus on auditory skills, common for children aged 0-3

Cued Speech Systems

Supporting speech and literacy development through cues

NDCS Family Sign Language

Resource aiding in sign language communication

Classroom Challenges

Issues like noise and limited awareness affecting learning

Awareness and Training

Training on deafness, communication strategies, and language

Speech and Language Assessment

Evaluating speech, sign language, and broader communication

Assessment Strategies

Creating deaf-friendly test environments with amplification

Speech Evaluation Tools

Using tools like Speech Intelligibility Rating Scale for assessment