Stereotyping and Media Impact Lecture Notes

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering topics from a lecture on stereotyping, media portrayals, cognitive development, internet addiction, and new media concepts.

Social Justice Attainment

Making sure everyone is treated fairly and gets the same chances.

Differences Between People

Understanding that everyone is special and different, which is a good thing.

The Power of Words

Words in TV, ads, and shows can change what people think.

Media Racial Representations

How TV and movies show people from different skin colors, sometimes making old ideas strong.

Priming and Cognitive Accessibility

When seeing something makes you think of other things more easily.

Entertainment Images

Pictures in fun shows that change what people think about groups.

Advertising Images

How people look in commercials can make old ideas stronger or show new ones.

Music Images

What you see in music videos can change how people think about different groups.

News Constructions of Culture, Race, and Ethnicity

How the news talks about different groups of people, shaping what we believe.

Images of African Americans, Latinos, & Women

How these groups have been shown on TV and in movies has changed over time.

Stages of Portrayal

The different ways groups have been shown in movies and on TV through the years.

Discursive Practices / Typology

How media talks about things, which helps build up old ideas about people.

Definition and Function of Stereotypes

Simple, often not-so-nice ideas about whole groups of people that media shows.

Prominent Media Stereotypes

Common and well-known ideas about groups that you see a lot in movies and on TV.

Priming Theory

When you see something, it helps you think of other related ideas faster.

Cultivation Theory

Watching a lot of TV can make you think the world is like what you see on TV.

Social Identity Theory

Part of who you are comes from the groups you belong to.

TikTok Boom

When TikTok became very popular and changed how we watch videos and see trends.

Recommendation Algorithms

Computer brain that suggests videos to you based on what you watched before.

Content Moderation

Rules and ways to check and sometimes hide things on the internet that aren't good.

Censorship

Stopping people from seeing or hearing certain things that grown-ups think are bad.

Shadow-Ban

When your posts are shown to fewer people online without you knowing.

Duets

A TikTok feature where you can make a video next to someone else's video.

Tweens

Kids who are between 8 and 12 years old and are online a lot.

Permanently Online

Young people who are always on their phones or computers, connected to the internet.

Permanently Connected (POPC)

Always linked to the internet using phones or tablets.

Multitasking

Doing many things at once, like watching TV and playing a game on a tablet.

FOMO (Fear of Missing Out)

Feeling worried that you're missing out on fun things others are doing.

Cognitive Development Theory

A way of thinking about how kids learn and understand the world as they grow.

Assimilation and Accommodation

How kids fit new things they learn into what they already know, or change what they know.

Sensorimotor Stage

From when babies are born until they're 2, they learn by touching, seeing, and tasting.

Preoperational Stage

From ages 2 to 7, kids start to use words and symbols but sometimes don't think logically.

Concrete Operational Stage

From ages 7 to 11, kids can think clearly about things they can see and touch.

Formal Operational Stage

From age 11 and older, kids can think about big, hard ideas that aren't real.

Criticism of Cognitive Development Theory

Some people think that kids can learn things earlier than this idea says.

Information Processing Theory

This idea says our brain works a bit like a computer, taking in and understanding info.

Passive Theory of Attention

Our eyes and ears look at things automatically, like a loud noise or something moving.

Active Attention Theory

We choose to look at or listen to something because we like it or want to know more.

Disclaimers and Premium Offers

Small print rules or special deals in kids' shows that might cost money.

Transfer Deficit

Kids sometimes find it hard to use what they learn from TV in real life.

Fisch’s Capacity Model

Explains how well kids understand TV shows based on how much their brain can handle.

Theory of Mind

Understanding that other people have different thoughts and feelings than you.

Limitations of Agenda Setting

What the news talks about most might not change what kids actually believe.

Parental Mediation

How parents help their kids choose what to watch and understand it.

Mediality

How movies and TV themselves change our world and how we live.

Mirror Image Theory

Movies and TV show us what our world is already like.

Partisan Bias Theory

When the news prefers one political team over another.

Diversity

Seeing many different kinds of people and ideas in movies and on TV.

Agenda Setting

When TV and news make certain topics seem very important to everyone.

Media Campaigns

Many people working together to share a special message or idea using movies or TV.

Talk Shows

Shows where people talk about news and ideas, often sharing strong opinions.

Soft News

News that is more like easy-to-read stories or gossip, not very serious.

Need for Cognition

When a person really likes to think hard and figure things out.

Political Sophistication

Knowing a lot about how the government works and what's happening in politics.

Spiral of Silence

When people with different ideas stay quiet because they're afraid no one will agree with them.

Fear of Isolation

Being scared that if you say what you really think, people won't want to be with you.

Train Test

A game to see if people will share their unpopular ideas even when others might not like it.

Selective Exposure

Choosing to watch or read things that already agree with what you think.

Dual-Coding Theory

It's easier to remember things when you see them as pictures and hear them as words.

Werther Effect

When movies or news about self-harm make more people try to harm themselves.

Repositioning or Rescheduling Effect

How changing when a message is shown can change how people feel about it.

Additive Effect

When many different places say the same thing, the message becomes much stronger.

Search Engines

Tools like Google that help you find things on the internet really fast.

Interactivity

When you can play or talk back to what you're watching on TV or online.

Top-Down Approaches

When the people who make movies and TV decide everything you see.

Bottom-Up Approaches

When what you see on TV and online is shaped by what watchers like you say and do.

Social Cognitive Theory

Learning by watching what others do in movies and on TV, and what happens to them.

General Aggression Model

Explains how watching violence on TV can make people think and act mean.

Competitive or Cooperative Interaction

In video games, playing against someone or working together with someone.

Meta-Analyses of Videogames

Studies that look at many different video game studies all at once to find big ideas.

Downward Spiral of Media Effects

When watching mean things on TV or in games makes you become meaner over time.

Portrayals of Social Reality in Videogames

How video games show or change what real social life is like.

Taste Public

Groups of people who like the same kind of music and understand it the same way.

Gender in Music

How being a boy or a girl changes what music you like and how you react to it.

Cultural/Lifestyle Expectations

The way your family and friends expect you to like certain music based on where you live.

Meta-Genre

Big categories of music that have many smaller types of music inside.

Interpretive Community

Groups of people who understand music messages the same way because they are similar.

Polysemic

When a movie or song can mean different things to different people.

Inter-textuality

When one movie or song reminds you of another movie or song.

Third-Person Effect

Believing that TV and movies affect other people more than they affect you.

Dominant Ideology

The main ideas and values that society thinks are normal, often shown in movies and on TV.

Oppositional Reading

When you watch a movie or show and understand it differently from how it was meant to be understood.

Patent Offensiveness

Content that almost everyone agrees is very rude or shocking.

Prurient Appeal

Content made to make people curious about grown-up things.

Artistic Merit

How special and creative something (like a painting or music) is, and its deeper meaning.

Knowledge of Black Culture

Understanding the special ways Black culture is shown in movies and on TV.

Dixon et al. Findings

What Dixon and his team found out about how different races are shown on TV.

Afrocentric Features

Parts of movies or TV that celebrate African culture and history.

Collective Self-Esteem

How proud a group of people feels about themselves, which changes how they see movies.

Cultural Lens

How your own culture makes you see and understand movies and TV in a special way.

Ethnic Identity and Interpretation of Music Videos

How who you are (your background) changes how you understand music videos.

Uses and Gratifications Theory

Why people choose to watch certain things on TV and what they get out of it, like fun or learning.

Social Learning Theory

Learning to do things by watching others and seeing what happens to them.

Desensitization

After watching a lot of mean things on TV, you might not feel as much when you see it again.

Schema Theory

Ideas in your brain that help you understand new things you see or hear.

Fried Findings

What Fried found out about how music affects people and the world.

Anti-Social Themes

Messages in movies or music that make people want to do bad things.

Pro-Social Themes

Messages in movies or music that encourage people to do good things and help others.

Selective Exposure

Choosing to only watch or listen to things that go along with what you already believe.

Billboard Charts More Anti-Social

Studies show that popular songs often have mean or negative messages.